Human Circulatory System

Structure and Function Lesson 1

Do Now Hold one arm straight up in the air, keeping the other arm down at your side for 2 minutes Hold one arm straight up in the air, keeping the other arm down at your side for 2 minutes Compare both your hands Compare both your hands What do you notice about the hand you held up compared to the one at your side? What do you notice about the hand you held up compared to the one at your side?

In class assignment Watch the Brain Pop video Circulation and complete the multiple choice worksheet Watch the Brain Pop video Circulation and complete the multiple choice worksheet Circulation! Circulation! Circulation!

Transport Life function by which human beings absorb and distribute the materials necessary to maintain life. “Closed system” with one muscular pump Heart(4 chambers) Network of blood vessels

Arteries Carry blood AWAY from the heart – to body tissues Thick walled & elastic Thick walled & elastic contain cardiac muscle tissues contain cardiac muscle tissues these muscles enable the artery to maintain blood flow via rhythmic contractions = pulse these muscles enable the artery to maintain blood flow via rhythmic contractions = pulse

Veins Carry blood TO the heart – away from body tissues - thin walled and less elastic - NO muscle tissues - muscles surrounding the veins contract to squeeze blood through veins - One way valves – prevent backflow within the vein if the veins are defective the blood flows back and veins dilate (varicose veins)

Capillaries Connect arteries to veins smallest vessels with thin walls smallest vessels with thin walls only one cell thick only one cell thick diffusion occurs through the walls of capillaries into cells diffusion occurs through the walls of capillaries into cells branch from the ends of small arteries and carry oxygenated blood to all tissues in the body branch from the ends of small arteries and carry oxygenated blood to all tissues in the body

Types of Circulation 1) Systemic ♥  aorta  to body systems  veins  ♥ 2) Pulmonary ♥  pulmonary artery  lungs  pulmonary vein  ♥ 3) Coronary – supply blood to the heart itself

Lymphatic System Carry lymph to and from body tissues all cells are suspended in ICF = intracellular fluid all cells are suspended in ICF = intracellular fluid contain valves (similar to veins) to aid in movement contain valves (similar to veins) to aid in movement place where lymph vessels are enlarged and gathered in masses = lymph nodes at specific parts of the body place where lymph vessels are enlarged and gathered in masses = lymph nodes at specific parts of the body contain phagocytic white blood cells that attack and destroy bacteria in lymph contain phagocytic white blood cells that attack and destroy bacteria in lymph

Homework Circulatory System vocabulary definitions Circulatory System vocabulary definitions

The Heart Lesson 2

Do Now Write down everything you know about the heart. Write down everything you know about the heart. Take out Homework Take out Homework Hand in Test Corrections Hand in Test Corrections

The Human Heart Size of your fist Size of your fist Center of the chest – (slightly to the Left) Center of the chest – (slightly to the Left) “pump” made of muscle = myocardium “pump” made of muscle = myocardium membrane enclosing it = pericardium membrane enclosing it = pericardium

4 Chambers Atria = Right atrium/Left atrium Atria = Right atrium/Left atrium(upper) Ventricles = Right ventricle/Left ventricle Ventricles = Right ventricle/Left ventricle(lower)

Valves Tricuspid – RA & RV Tricuspid – RA & RV Mitral – LA & LV Mitral – LA & LV ** The heart is a double pump* ** The heart is a double pump*

Flow of Blood Veins  Superior and Inferior Vena Cava  Right Atrium  * Tricuspid valve  Right Ventricle  Lungs (to get oxygen) **via the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary artery Veins  Superior and Inferior Vena Cava  Right Atrium  * Tricuspid valve  Right Ventricle  Lungs (to get oxygen) **via the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary artery ** In the lungs the blood passes through capillaries, where gas exchange occurs  by oxygenating blood and removing CO2 from the blood blood then returns via the pulmonary vein  Left Atrium  Left Ventricle  Aorta ** via the aortic valve blood then returns via the pulmonary vein  Left Atrium  Left Ventricle  Aorta ** via the aortic valve

Right side of the heart receives O2 deficient blood and transports it to the lungs Right side of the heart receives O2 deficient blood and transports it to the lungs  picks up O2  picks up O2 * Left side of the heart receives O2 rich blood and transports it to the body

In class assignment Watch the online simulation of the flow of blood through the heart Watch the online simulation of the flow of blood through the heart Heart cycle Heart cycle Heart cycle Heart cycle “Label it” worksheet “Label it” worksheet

Homework Heart multiple choice worksheet Heart multiple choice worksheet Heart cycle worksheet Heart cycle worksheet

Heartbeat Lesson 3

Do Now Circulation in Vertebrates Reading & Handout Circulation in Vertebrates Reading & Handout

For each heartbeat: Systolic pressure is peak pressure Systolic pressure is peak pressure in the arteries, which occurs near in the arteries, which occurs near the beginning of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are contracting. Diastolic pressure is minimum Diastolic pressure is minimum pressure in the arteries, which occurs near the end of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are filled with blood.

Heartbeat contractions = systole contractions = systole relaxation = diastole relaxation = diastole S 120 S 120 BP = ---- = ----(normal BP) D 80 D 80

Blood Pressure Force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels Force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels The pressure of the circulating blood decreases as blood moves through arteries, arterioles, capillaries and veins. The pressure of the circulating blood decreases as blood moves through arteries, arterioles, capillaries and veins.

Heart valves open and close  heart sounds like “lub dub” Heart valves open and close  heart sounds like “lub dub” **Abnormal blood flow through the heart = murmur Pacemaker – triggers heart beat Pacemaker – triggers heart beat EKG (electrocardiogram) – measures voltages through the heart EKG (electrocardiogram) – measures voltages through the heart  coronary arteries to heart muscle  coronary arteries to heart muscle heart sounds heart sounds

Heartbeat or pulse is influenced by drugs, exercise and illness Heartbeat or pulse is influenced by drugs, exercise and illness Ex: high BP, low BP, physical activity, obesity, ephedrine, drugs Ex: high BP, low BP, physical activity, obesity, ephedrine, drugs ** Exercise increases the heart rate to increase blood flow to muscles and deliver more O2 ** Exercise increases the heart rate to increase blood flow to muscles and deliver more O2

Disorders of the Cardiovascular System AtherosclerosisStroke Heart Attack Hypertension

Homework Chapter 23 Study Guide Circulation Chapter 23 Study Guide Circulation

Blood Lesson 4

Do Now Brain Pop Video: Blood Brain Pop Video: Blood Worksheet Worksheet

Blood Liquid tissue Liquid tissue 55% plasma = clear liquid 55% plasma = clear liquid 90% water 90% water 10% nutrients, salts, hormones, wastes and proteins 10% nutrients, salts, hormones, wastes and proteins 45% Cells = 3 types 45% Cells = 3 types

Red blood Cells – RBC - very numerous - disc shaped - no nuclei - contain hemoglobin – red pigment, carries O2 - live for 120 days – need to be made all the time - requires Fe (iron) to make hemoglobin *not enough Fe = Anemia (decreased RBC’s) * Sickle cell anemia = genetic disease – abnormal hemoglobin causes cells to sickle

White Blood Cells – protect the body from disease = defenders - fewer in # than rbc’s - fewer in # than rbc’s - have a nucleus - have a nucleus - larger than rbc’s - larger than rbc’s - phagocytize bacteria - phagocytize bacteria - made in bone marrow and lymph - made in bone marrow and lymph * Leukemia – cancer caused by increased production * Leukemia – cancer caused by increased production

Lymphocytes – produce antibodies - type of white blood cell - produce antibodies specifically designed to recognize and attack particular types of proteins (antigens) that may enter the blood

Platelets – small, noncellular components of blood Platelets – small, noncellular components of blood ** important to clotting ICF – Intracellular fluid – rich in salts ICF drains from tissues within lymphatic vessels, where it is known as lymph ICF – Intracellular fluid – rich in salts ICF drains from tissues within lymphatic vessels, where it is known as lymph

Blood Groups ABO classification Rh factor= + (85%) OR – (15%) is another antigen Rh factor= + (85%) OR – (15%) is another antigen Blood TypeAntigenAntibody AAAnti – B BBAnti – A ABA and BNone O Anti – A and Anti - B

Blood Transfusions Blood Type Donate to Receive from A A & AB A & O B B & AB B & O AB (universal recipient) AB A,B,O,AB O (universal donor) A,B,AB,O O Blood TypeDonate ToReceive From AA and ABA and O BB and ABB and O AB A, B, AB, O O O

In class assignment Blood worksheet Blood worksheet

Homework Blood definitions Blood definitions

Blood Types Lesson 5

Do Now Blood Types Brain Pop Multiple Choice Questions Blood Types Brain Pop Multiple Choice Questions

Homework Vocabulary worksheet Vocabulary worksheet What’s your blood type? OR what is your parents blood type? What’s your blood type? OR what is your parents blood type?

Heart Rate Lab Lesson 6

In class assignment Heart Rate Lab Activity Heart Rate Lab Activity

Homework Complete the Heart Rate Lab Complete the Heart Rate Lab