Ch 9 The Need for Energy

9.1 How do cells use E? Cell Processes – make new molecules, build membranes and organelles, maintain homeostasis (active transportation). Body Processes – muscle contraction, digestion, brain control

9.1 Where does your body get E? You EAT! Carbohydrate, Lipids, and Proteins ALL get broken down HIGH E bonds in Carbs and Lipids All break down and eventually make… ATP (adinosine triphosphate) – quick E for the cell

9.1 How does ATP work? E is stored in the BONDS. Each bond in ATP has more and more E. Break a bond and E is released.

9.1 Why is ATP so useful? RECHARGABLE: ADP is like a rechargeable battery that is low…you can recharge it by putting another phosphate group on it. This alleviates the need for a cell to store large quantities of ATP (no space) As long as phosphates are available you can recharge.

9.1 How do cells get the E from ATP. Proteins have special sites for ATP to bind. E is used After the 3rd P breaks off ADP is released

ATP

9.3 What is Cellular Respiration? The process of mitochondria (power station of the cell) to break down glucose (from food) to make ATP. There are 3 stages: Glycolysis Citric Acid/ Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

9.3 What is Glycolysis? Anaerobic Location: Cytoplasm Uses: Glucose Makes: a little ATP and Pyruvic Acid

What is the Citric Acid Cycle? Location: Mitochondria Uses: Pyruvic Acis Makes: a little ATP and electrons and CO2

What is the e- Transport Chain Aerobic Location: Inner Mito. membrane Uses: electrons from CAC Makes: A LOT of ATP and water

What is fermentation? When NO oxygen is present…. Glycolysis still happens, but next step is FERMENTATION Essentially makes enough E to run glycolysis Lactic Acid Fermentation Used by animal cells Produces lactic acid and 2 ATP Alcoholic Fermentation Used by yeast and some bacteria Produces CO2 and ethyl alcohol

What is photosynthesis? sunlight 6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6 O2 Job = take sun’s E and convert it into into something storable, such as sugar/starch

Where do the reactions take place? www.biologycorner.com/resources/photosynthesi...

9.2 What is Photosynthesis? Creates food/energy Base of food chain in plant material (producers) Creates O to breathe O is a byproduct Eliminates CO2 CO2 is taken in

9.2 Describe the reactions of photosytnesis Light Dependent Rxn. Uses light and water to create ATP and O2 (we breath this) Light Independent Rxn. (Calvin Cycle) Uses ATP and split water from LD to create sugars (usable E) upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/S...

Products Reactants grapevine.net.au/~grunwald/une/KLAs/science/i...

Compare and Contrast Photosynthesis Food/Glucose made CO2 taken in O2 given off H20 broken down Requires light Occurs in cells with chlorophyll Cellular Respiration