Classes of Microorganisms 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Classes of Microorganisms Non-pathogenic normal do not produce disease beneficial Pathogenic cause infection and disease May be non-pathogenic in one body system, pathogenic in another (E. coli) 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Classes of Microorganisms Aerobic requires oxygen to live Anaerobic does not require oxygen to live 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Classes of Microorganisms Bacteria Protozoa Fungi Rickettsiae Viruses Helminths 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Classes of Microorganisms Bacteria Often considered the causes of disease Certain bacteria produce antibiotics live in the body without problems live on the roots of certain plants, converting nitrogen into a usable form help break down dead organic matter Classified by shape and arrangement Treated with antibiotics 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Classes of Microorganisms Bacteria Cocci- round in shape diplococci streptococci staphylococci Streptococci Staphylococcal clusters 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Classes of Microorganisms Bacteria Bacilli rod shape single pairs chains may have flagella may form spores difficult to treat 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Classes of Microorganisms Bacteria Spirilla spiral or corkscrew shape vibrio - spirochete Treponema pallidum Cholera 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Classes of Microorganisms Bacteria Some bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics Very difficult to cure Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA) Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus (MDSA) 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Classes of Microorganisms Protozoa One celled, animal-like organism Contain a nucleus and other defined organelles 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Classes of Microorganisms Fungi organisms that usually enjoy a symbiotic, but sometimes parasitic relationship with their host provide numerous drugs and foods provide bubbles in bread, champagne, and beer cause a number of plant and animal diseases fungal diseases are very difficult to treat 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Classes of Microorganisms Fungi 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Classes of Microorganisms Rickettsiae rod-shaped, parasitic bacteria live in the tissues of ticks, fleas, and lice transmitted to humans through bites invade the new host from within 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Classes of Microorganisms Viruses small, infectious agent requires a host for survival over 5,000 types can combine in multiple ways to produce a wide range of diseases produce immune response in humans treated with antiviral drugs 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Classes of Microorganisms Helminths Parasitic worm-like organisms Live inside the host Feed off their host Disrupt nutrient absorption Lead to weakness Excrete toxins making host susceptible to other diseases Approximately 30 billion people globally are infected 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Classes of Microorganisms Bacteria Protozoa Fungi Rickettsiae Viruses Helminths 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Methods used to control the spread of infection 2 Methods used to control the spread of infection 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Methods used to control the spread of infection Vaccinations 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Methods used to control the spread of infection Vaccinations Administration of a foreign antigen to produce immunity to a disease. Most effective and least expensive method to prevent disease 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Methods used to control the spread of infection Vaccinations Injected pathogen may be live, weakened, killed or inactivated Administered to stimulate the immune response 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Methods used to control the spread of infection Vaccinations May be given after disease exposure or after the disease was contracted Given by injection or orally 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Methods used to control the spread of infection Aseptic Control Antisepsis Disinfection Sterilization 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Methods used to control the spread of infection Aseptic Control Antisepsis effective in preventing or inhibiting the growth of pathogenic organisms, but not spores or viruses safe to be used on skin 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Methods used to control the spread of infection Aseptic Control Disinfection destroys pathogenic organisms that are already present not effective against spores or viruses chemicals are used not used on skin 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Methods used to control the spread of infection Aseptic Control Sterilization kills all microorganisms, including spores and viruses methods steam under pressure gas radiation chemicals not used on skin 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Methods used to control the spread of infection Aseptic Control Antisepsis Disinfection Sterilization 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Precautions Methods used to control the spread of infection 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Methods used to control the spread of infection Standard Precautions Used on ALL patients Includes: Needle stick safety Hand washing Sharps Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Spills and splashes Resuscitation devices Gloves Waste and linen disposal Gowns Masks and eye protection Injuries 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Methods used to control the spread of infection Standard Precautions Hand washing 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Methods used to control the spread of infection Standard Precautions Personal protection equipment (PPE) 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Methods used to control the spread of infection Standard Precautions Gloves 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Methods used to control the spread of infection Standard Precautions Gowns 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Methods used to control the spread of infection Standard Precautions Masks and eye protection 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Methods used to control the spread of infection Standard Precautions Needlestick safety 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Methods used to control the spread of infection Standard Precautions Sharps 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Methods used to control the spread of infection Standard Precautions Spills and splashes 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Methods used to control the spread of infection Standard Precautions Resuscitation devices 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Methods used to control the spread of infection Standard Precautions Waste and linen disposal 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Methods used to control the spread of infection Standard Precautions Injuries 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Methods used to control the spread of infection Standard Precautions Used on ALL patients Includes: Needle stick safety Hand washing Sharps Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Spills and splashes Resuscitation devices Gloves Waste and linen disposal Gowns Masks and eye protection Injuries 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Methods used to control the spread of infection Bloodborne Pathogen Standard Applies to all occupational exposure of blood or other potentially infectious material. Blood = human blood, blood components, blood products Bloodborne pathogens = disease causing organisms in blood (Hep. B, Hep. C, HIV) Include basic information about the bloodborne pathogens: Hep B, Hep C, HIV 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Methods used to control the spread of infection Bloodborne Pathogen Standard In an emergency when you cannot identify body fluids or tell whether they contain blood, treat all body fluids as potentially infectious. 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Methods used to control the spread of infection Tuberculosis Standard OSHA Standard to reduce occupationally transmitted/acquired TB Requires FIT tested and training in the use of specific respiratory PPE PPD skin test annually 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Methods used to control the spread of infection Extended Infection Control Precautions Standard Precautions PLUS Airborne Precautions Contact Precautions Droplet Precautions 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Methods used to control the spread of infection Extended Infection Control Precautions Transmission based precautions Additional precautions used with patients infected with pathogens that are spread via: airborne transmission droplet transmission direct contact Requires isolation 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Methods used to control the spread of infection Extended Infection Control Precautions Airborne precautions Patient pathogens are transmitted by airborne droplets Specific PPEs- fitted mask 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Methods used to control the spread of infection Extended Infection Control Precautions Contact precautions Patient pathogens are able to be spread by direct or indirect contact Specific PPEs gloves gowns 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Methods used to control the spread of infection Extended Infection Control Precautions Droplet precautions Used when large-particle droplets are expelled during coughing, sneezing, talking or laughing Specific PPEs- mask if working within 3 feet of patient 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Methods used to control the spread of infection Extended Infection Control Precautions Protective or reverse precautions 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Methods used to control the spread of infection Extended Infection Control Precautions Standard Precautions PLUS Airborne Precautions Contact Precautions Droplet Precautions 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

The End 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Transmitting Infection

Transmitting Infection Direct contact Indirect contact Airborne Vector-borne 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Transmitting Infection Direct contact Person to person Animal to person Mother to unborn child 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Transmitting Infection Indirect contact Pathogens are passed along on inanimate objects 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Transmitting Infection Airborne Pathogens are carried through the air Cling to surroundings and are spread 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Transmitting Infection Vector-borne Insects carry pathogen from host to host Flea Mosquito Tick 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Transmitting Infection How you get an infection… Causative agent Reservoir Portal of exit Mode of transmission Portal of entry Susceptible host…breaking the chain! 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Chain of Infection Causative agent Source or reservoir Susceptible host Portal of entry Portal of exit Mode of transmission 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Chain of Infection Causative agent pathogen 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Chain of Infection Reservoir area where the pathogen can live 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Chain of Infection Portal of exit way for the pathogen to escape from the reservoir 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Chain of Infection Mode of transmission way for pathogen to be transmitted 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Chain of Infection Portal of entry way to enter new reservoir 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Chain of Infection Susceptible host able to be affected person likely to get sick 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Chain of Infection Causative agent Source or reservoir Susceptible host Portal of entry Portal of exit Mode of transmission 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Types of Infections 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Types of Infections Infection invasion of the body by microorganisms invading microorganisms: use the host’s resources to multiply interfere with normal function 3rd leading cause of death in the U. S. 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Types of Infections Local infection only a specific portion of the body is infected pain redness heat at the site swelling pus foul smelling drainage 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Types of Infections Systemic infection affects the entire body fever aches chills nausea vomiting weakness 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Types of Infections Endogenous (endo- inside; genous- type or kind) type or kind of infection or disease that originates from within the body Exogenous (exo- outside; genous- type or kind) type or kind of infection or disease that originates outside the body 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Types of Infections Nosocomial infections Hospital acquired infection Transmitted by the health care worker Opportunistic infections Infections that occur when the body’s defenses are weakened 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Types of Infections VERY IMPORTANT Any sign of infection must be reported to the nurse or doctor! 2.02 Understand infection control procedures