State Energy Policy: Implications for Consumers and Consumer Policy Carole Makela

Financial Incentives Grants Green Building Incentives Loan Programs—Utilities, Government Personal Tax Incentives—Credits, Deductions Property Tax Incentives—Exemptions, Exclusions, Credits Rebates Sales Tax Incentives—Exemptions, Holidays Utility Rate Discounts

Policies and Regulations Appliance Standards Building Codes Generation Disclosure Rules Mandatory Utility Green Power Net Metering Public Benefit Funds Solar and Wind Access

Summary of all State and Territories with Policies and Regulations Renewable EnergyEnergy Efficiency # of states/territories Appliance Standards (Federal) ─ 12 Building Codes (Federal) ─ 53 (CO, WY) Generation Disclosure23 (CO) ─ Mandatory Utility Green Power9 ─ Net Metering48 (CO, WY) ─ Public Benefit Funds ─ 20 (CO) Solar and Wind Access35 (CO) ─

Summary of all States and Territories with Financial Incentives Renewable EnergyEnergy Efficiency # of states/territories Personal Tax2010 Sales Tax24 (CO, WY)10 Property Tax33 (CO)5 Rebate*39 (WY)43 Grants*2621 (CO, WY) Loans*3641 (WY) Production Incentives25 ─ Incentives may be state/territory, local, utility, or private. *Most programs are utility/city based.

Purpose Exploration of state’s energy related incentives and policies and regulations, 2008 legislation

2008 Legislation Frequent issues addressed Theft of metals (copper) and regulation of scrap metal dealers Net metering—flow of electricity (and its cost) to and from customer generating it Facilitating use of solar energy Facilitating use of renewable energy State agencies, building and purchasing standards

Solar Water Heating and Efficiency Act—incentives for installing 200,000 solar units in 2007 HISolar hot water heaters in all new residential construction IAOffice of Energy Independence and the Power Fund ME, NH Regulate outdoor wood boilers, regulate sale and use of high emission models NMSolar energy research part and academy NYLimit fame waste electric generation (for new metering) to 500 Kwh SCIncentive program for purchase and installation of EE manufactured homes VTDevelopment of industrial hemp industry (fuel crop for biodiesel and cellulosic ethanol. Unique State Policies CALighting Efficiency and Toxics Reduction Act—lighting levels, hazardous substances per European Union standards Solar Water Heating and Efficiency Act—incentive for installing 200,000 solar units in 2007 HISolar hot water heaters in all new residential construction IAOffice of Energy Independence and the Power Fund ME, NH Regulate outdoor wood boilers, regulate sale and use of high emission models NMSolar energy research park and academy NYLimit farm waste electric generation (for net metering) to 500 Kwh SCIncentive program for purchase and installation of EE manufactured homes VTDevelopment of industrial hemp industry (fuel crop for biodiesel and cellulosic ethanol, etc.)

Conclusions Provide incentives for consumers to use renewable energy and/or implement energy efficiencies Passed laws exceeded those which died/failed CA and HI passed the most laws CA and FL had the most that died/failed