Review!!! Good Luck!!

The Berlin Conference in 1884…(hint…what did “they” do?)  Gave African nations their independence.  Divided African nations among European nations.  Divided Africa among African ethnic groups evenly.

* Divided African nations among European nations.

* Which of the following is an effect of colonial rule in Africa? (hint…What happened after the Europeans left?)  Fewer Christian missionaries in Africa  Conflicts among African ethnic groups  Economic Growth within African countries

* Conflicts among African ethnic groups

* Why did many of the boundaries of the new African states created after WWII cause problems? (hint…remember what you have learned about the division)  All of the new countries were too large to rule effectively.  All the boundaries carefully followed the paths of rivers.  Europeans drew the boundaries so they could keep all the mineral wealth for themselves.

* Europeans drew the boundaries so they could keep all the mineral wealth for themselves.

* This country’s independence movement was peaceful from the British, but conflict among ethnic groups emerged because of artificial political boundaries and power struggles.  Nigeria  Kenya  South Africa

Nigeria

* The Pan-African Movement called for what among black people? (hint…what do they need to do to help themselves?)  genocide  disease  Food  unity

* unity

* A strong sense of pride that led to many independence movements in Africa is known as (pride for your country).  Nationalism  Democracy  protectionism

* nationalism

* In 1946, British colonial authorities merged southern and northern Sudan into a single administrative region. The inhabitants of southern Sudan primarily practice Christianity and Traditional African religions. Northern Sudan is inhabited by Arab Muslims. Merging the citizens in the previously separate regions led to the first Sudanese civil war and subsequent political and ethnical strife. * Based on the passage, what contributed to civil war in Sudan? (hint…ethnic groups)  artificial political borders  Pan-African Movement  African Nationalist movement

* artificial political borders

* The purpose of the Pan-African Movements in Africa is to (hint…think about what Pan means and eliminate.)  Create one African language  Develop a unified region  Develop a unified political identity

Develop a unified political identity

* Why has a strong sense of national unity been difficult to achieve in many African nations that gained independence in the 20 th century? (hint…ethnic groups)  Tribal loyalty is sometimes stronger than national loyalty.  Europeans fear that national unity would make African countries too strong.  Communism is a powerful force against national unity.

* Tribal loyalty is sometimes stronger than national loyalty.

* Which is a system of acquiring colonies to provide raw materials for a stronger country? * socialism * democracy * imperialism * communism

imperialism

* Using African people to help European officials administer (rule) a colony was known as what form of colonial rule? (hint…the Europeans used the African chiefs to rule the people?) * assimilation * indirect rule * private companies

* indirect rule

* European countries colonized Africa during the 19 th and early 20 th century in order to access Africa’s natural resources. What was the effect on the people of Africa? (Hint…What did they do when they divided Africa?) * European colonization of Africa made Africans very wealthy. * There were so few natural resources that the effect was small. * Boundaries between countries were artificial which caused conflict and war.

* Boundaries between countries were artificial which caused conflict and war.

* What is the name of the group of laws that separated ethnic groups and limited the rights of black South Africans? A. apartheid B. genocide C. discrimination D. nationalism

* apartheid

* Who was arrested and imprisoned for resisting apartheid? * Nelson Mandela * F.W. de Klerk * Martin Luther King Jr. * Winnie Mandela

* Nelson Mandela

In 1994, Nelson Mandela became the president of South Africa * after a military coup. * through an open election. * with a UN mandate.

* through an open election.

* Who is F.W. de Klerk? * The last president during apartheid * Founder of apartheid * Leader of the African National Congress

* The last president during apartheid

* What role did Nelson Mandela and F.W. de Klerk play in the evolution of apartheid in South Africa? (hint…what did they do together?) * They worked to abolish apartheid. * They created apartheid. * They worked to maintain apartheid.

* They worked to abolish apartheid.

What effect did the policy of apartheid have on Africa? (hint…think about who it effected the most) * It deprived black Africans of basic human rights. * It provided jobs for migrant workers from other parts of Africa. * It encouraged black South Africans to participate in the government.

* It deprived black Africans of basic human rights.

* Which phrase best describes one of Nelson Mandela’s most important contribution to South Africa? (What did he do?) * Serving as South Africa’s first ambassador to the U.N. * Leading the process by which black South Africans gained civil rights. * Negotiating with Great Britain for South African independence

* Leading the process by which black South Africans gained civil rights.