A Demographic and Socioeconomic Profile of the Region Spotlight on the South A Demographic and Socioeconomic Profile of the Region Bo Beaulieu, Southern Rural Development Center

Outline of Presentation Population characteristics Family structure Poverty status Residential mobility patterns Economic features Educational status The so whats !!

Examining Population Changes

Population Changes, 1990-2000 U.S. grew by 32.7 million persons, or 13.2% Largest numerical increase in history West region grew at the fastest rate (19.7%), followed by the South (17.3%) The U.S. South has largest number of people, over 100 million persons 36% of the U.S. population now live in the South

Population Change Varies by State For the first time in the 20th century, all U.S. states gained population Nevada grew at the fastest pace : 66% North Dakota grew the slowest: 0.5% U.S. : 13.2%

Population Features of the Southern Region

Population of the Southern Region by Race & Ethnicity, 1990-2000 Group 1990 2000 Percent Change ’90-’00 Number % Overall 77,597,917 100.0 91,776,331 18.3 White 59,779,737 77.0 66,929,689 72.9 12.0 Black 14,056,860 18.1 16,871,897 18.4 20.0 Hispanic 6,486,848 8.4 11,230,931 12.2 73.1 Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Sources of Population Change by Race, 1990-2000 29.7% 50.4% 19.9%

Population Change in Metro and Nonmetro Areas of the South by Race, 1990-2000

Distribution of Population by Age in the South, 1990-2000 Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Population Profile of the South by by Age, 1990 & 2000 Age Group Year Numerical Change 1990 2000 Under 5 5,649,286 6,268,462 619,176 5 to 17 14,482,120 17,188,916 2,706,796 18-64 47,706,392 56,931,860 9,225,468 65 and over 9,760,119 11,387,093 1,626,974 Total 77,597,917 91,776,331 14,178,414 Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Percent Change in Population by Age Groupings, 1990-2000 Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Percentage Growth Within Various Age Groupings in Metro & Nonmetro Areas of the South,1990-2000 5-17

The Changing Structure of the Family

Structure of Family Households with Children Under 18 Years Old, 1990 & 2000 Type 1990 2000 % Change No. % Married couple households 7,705,287 76.8 8,806,122 69.3 14.3 Male only headed households 382,120 3.8 812,020 6.4 112.5 Female only headed households 1,941,463 19.4 3,080,934 24.3 58.7 Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Family Structure of Metro and Nonmetro Families With Kids Under 18 in the South, 1990 and 2000

Shifts in Family Structure in the South’s Metro and Nonmetro Areas, 1990-2000

Structure of Family Households with Children Under 18 in 2000, by Race and Ethnicity

Poverty Status of Individuals

Percent of Population Below Poverty by Race and Ethnicity, 1990 & 2000

Number of Persons in Poverty, 1990 & 2000 Group Year Numerical Change 1990 2000 White 6,715,377 6,811,078 95,701 Black 4,489,669 4,247,753 -241,916 Hispanic 1,807,293 2,533,139 725,846 Overall 12,182,404 12,635,394 452,990 Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Poverty Shifts in Metro and Nonmetro Areas of the South, 1990-2000 Group Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan Number Percent Overall 730,357 9.3 - 277,367 - 6.5 White 265,815 6.4 - 170,114 - 6.7 Black - 40,522 - 1.4 - 201,394 - 13.3 Hispanic 631,023 42.2 94,823 30.2

Residential Mobility Patterns

Mobility Pattern of the Southern Region’s Population 5 and Over, 1990-2000 Residential Location Year Change 1990 2000 No. % Overall population 5 + 71,948,631 100 88,507,869 13,559,238 18.8 Same house as 5 years ago 37,011,510 51.4 44,501,336 52.0 7,489,826 20.2 Different house, same county 18,128,508 25.2 20,727,263 24.2 2,598,755 14.3 Different house and county, same state 7,385,031 10.3 9,226,972 10.8 1,841,941 24.9 Different state 8,238,849 11.5 8,732,079 10.2 493,230 6.0 Different country 1,184,733 1.6 2,320,219 2.7 1,135,486 95.8

Mobility Patterns in Metro & Nonmetro Areas, 1990 & 2000

Change in Residential Location by Metro & Nonmetro Areas, 1990-2000 Number % Change % Change Same house 6,159,081 24.1 1,330,745 11.6 Diff. House same county 2,397,696 17.4 201,059 4.6 Diff. County, same state 1,286,611 23.7 555,330 28.2 Different state 307,497 4.5 185,733 12.7 Different country 974,493 91.3 160,993 136.8

The Economic Features of the Region

Type of Industries Classified by Each Sector Goods Producing Farm Agricultural Services Mining Manufacturing Construction Service Producing Transportation and Public Utilities Wholesale Trade Retail Trade Finance, Insurance and Real Estate Services Government and Government Enterprises

The Industrial Profile of Full and Part-Time Jobs in the South,1990 and 2000 Source: Regional Economic Information System (REIS)

Proportion of New Full and Part-Time Jobs Generated by Each Sector, 1990-2000 8.4 % Source: Regional Economic Information System (REIS)

Commute to Work by Labor Force Living in the South, 1990-2000 Location of Workforce Employment Year Change 1990 2000 No. % In the workforce 35,172,336 100 41,038,702 5,866366 16.7 Work in county of residence 26,791,818 76.2 29,673,945 72.3 2,882,127 10.8 Work in state, outside county 7,344,257 20.9 10,130,210 24.7 2,785,943 37.9 Work outside state of residence 1,036,251 2.9 1,234,547 3.0 198,296 19.1 Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Commute to Work by Metro & Nonmetro Workforce, 1990 & 2000

Place of Work of the Expanded Workforce over the 1990-2000 Period Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan Net new workers 4,807,474 1,058,892 Work in county of residence 55.4 % 20.6 % Work in state, outside county 42.0 % 72.4 % Outside state 2.6 % 6.9 %

Educational Credentials of the Region

Educational Attainment of Adults 25+ Years Old in the South, 1990 & 2000 Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Changes in the Educational Status of Adults 25 and Over, 1990-2000 Attainment Level 1990 2000 Numerical Change Percent Change Less than High School 14,333,066 13,411,000 - 922,066 - 6.4 High School Only 14,201,700 16,969,652 2,767,952 19.3 Some College 9,055,343 12.484,416 3,429,073 37.9 Associate’s Degree 2,635,482 3,353,708 718,226 27.3 Bachelor’s Degree or higher 8,977,933 13,074,388 4,096,455 45.6 Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Educational Attainment of Adults 25 and Over by Race and Ethnicity, 1990-2000 African Americans Hispanics Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Educational Status of Metro and Nonmetro Southerners, 1990 and 2000

Educational Status of Metro & Nonmetro Southerners by Race, 2000

What’s the RD Story? Dramatic rise in the influx of Latinos into the region (+ 73% during the decade). Rural communities will be challenged to: Accept and embrace cultural differences Expand bilingual language capacity in key service areas (education, health services, public safety services, etc.) Address housing needs of this growing segment of the population

What’s the Story? Healthy growth occurring in all age groups. Impact on the rural South? Strong demand will exist for the provision of key services for youth and senior citizens Healthy growth of working age population places increased pressure on rural areas to focus on job generation strategies.

What’s the Story? Family structure continues to become more complex Nonmetro areas no longer more likely to have married couple families when contrasted with metro areas (both around 69%). Rapid growth of single-headed families will place pressure for expanded family support systems to be in place (child care, after school programs, community recreation activities). African American families at greatest risk with over 52 % of families with kids are headed by a single parent.

What’s the Story? Poverty rates have improved during the 1990s, but rates are now on the upswing About half of the growth in the South’s population growth in the ’90s is linked to growth of minority groups These are the very groups at highest risk of falling into poverty These demographic groups will continue to be the drivers of population growth in the region What efforts must be developed to assist low-wealth individuals and families in the rural South?

What’s the Story? Sizable % increases in the the in-migration of individuals from different counties in a state, or from different countries. What is driving this increase? What are rural communities doing to respond?

What’s the Story? Economy and Jobs: Traditional base of the nonmetro South’s economy is declining, replaced by service producing sector jobs. What are the pluses and minuses for rural areas? Decline of basic industries Job quality Earnings Benefits Security Need for new economic development strategies beyond business/industry attraction approaches

What’s the Story? Economy and Jobs: Sizable outflow of nonmetro workers in the South to work sites outside their county or state of residence. Is this: A lifestyle preference or economic necessity? Daily daily outflow of people to other areas is likely to have negative impact on social capital resources, civic engagement, family life, local businesses. Multi-county economic development planning seems logical in light of the regional labor market that appears to be in place.

What’s the Story? Education has improved in the rural South, but some RD challenges remain. Many individuals completing “some education” beyond high school, but only a fraction of these individuals are securing an associate’s degree. The 42 percent growth in the number of persons with a bachelor’s degree or higher in the rural South. linked to the economy of the region? due to the net migration of individuals who possess better human capital attributes? Educational progress and expanded training targeted to racial and ethnic minorities vital to the economic health of the rural South.

Thank You ! !