ELAINE N. MARIEB EIGHTH EDITION 1 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by Jerry L. Cook, Sam Houston University ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY PART A The Human Body: An Orientation

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Human Body – An Orientation  Anatomy   Physiology 

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Anatomy – Levels of Study  Gross Anatomy

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 14.4 Anatomy – Levels of Study  Microscopic Anatomy

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1.1 Levels of Structural Organization

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Necessary Life Functions  Maintain Boundaries  Movement  Responsiveness  Digestion 

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Necessary Life Functions  Metabolism – chemical reactions within the body  Excretion

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Necessary Life Functions  Reproduction  Growth

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Survival Needs  Nutrients  Chemicals for:  Includes:  Oxygen  Required for:

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Survival Needs  Water  __________% of body weight  Provides for:  Stable body temperature  Atmospheric pressure must be appropriate

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Homeostasis  = a ______________ state of equilibrium  Homeostasis must be maintained for normal body functioning and to sustain life  Homeostatic imbalance –

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Overview of Homeostasis Figure 1.4

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Maintaining Homeostasis  The body communicates through neural and hormonal control systems  Receptor  Sends information to:

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Maintaining Homeostasis  Control center  Determines:  Effector

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Feedback Mechanisms  Negative feedback  Includes most homeostatic control mechanisms  Shuts off the original stimulus, or _________ its intensity  Example:

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Feedback Mechanisms  Positive feedback  _____________ the original stimulus to push the variable farther  Examples:

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Language of Anatomy  Special terminology is used to prevent misunderstanding  Exact terms are used for:

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Orientation and Directional Terms Table 1.1

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Orientation and Directional Terms Table 1.1 (cont)

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Body Landmarks  Anterior Figure 1.5a Posterior

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Body Planes Figure 1.6

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Body Cavities Figure 1.7