Good Job !!! Revise Again ! ConditionSign & SymptomsTreatment Asthma (Breathing Problem due to sudden narrowing of airways) Casualty found near water source Grey-blue tinge to the lips, ear lobes and nail beds Usually noted with Coughing if conscious Hypothermia Symptoms 1.Remove casualty from source 2.Assure casualty and encourage casualty to sit upright and breath normally 3.Prepare to perform CPR if casualty becomes unconscious 4.Monitor Vital Signs and seek medical help Hyperventilation (Over-Breathing and is unable to control his/her breathing) Coughing Wheezing sound as casualty breathes out Difficulty Speaking Possible Paleness, blueness of lips, earlobes and finger tips 1.Remove any constriction on neck(if possible) 2.Lay casualty onto back and perform ABC check 3.Prepare to either perform CPR (If Unconscious) or place casualty to recovery position (if Conscious) 4.Monitor Vital Signs and seek medical aid Drowning (Water trapped in lungs and obstructs it from absorbing oxygen) Headache & Confusion Rapid, Noisy, difficult breathing Vomiting may occur Impaired Consciousness 1.Remove casualty from water source 2.Lay casualty onto back and perform ABC check 3.Prepare to either perform CPR (If Unconscious) or place casualty to recovery position (if Conscious) 4.Protect casualty from developing Hypothermia and seek medical aid Strangulation (Constriction to the airways) Signs of Constriction around the neck Congestion of pace with prominent veins, possible tiny red spots on face and whites of eye Grey-blue skin Impaired Consciousness 1.Reassure casualty and remove cause of distress 2.Encourage casualty to take slow, regular breaths, Guide him/her with his/her breathing 3.Seek medical aid if condition does not improve within 5 minutes Fume Inhalations (Inhalation of gases which affects Oxygen absorption) Dizziness or faintness Cramps in the hands and feet Attention-seeking behavior Normal or Pink Skin Color 1.Reassure Casualty 2.Help in administering and medication that have been prescribed for the casualty 3.Monitor vital signs and ensure adequate fresh air 4.Seek medical aid if necessary Disorder of Respiratory System – Hypoxia Skill Assessment Name: __________________________ Date : __________________________

Good Job !!! Revise Again ! ConditionSign & SymptomsTreatment FIT AKA Convulsions (Involuntary contractions of many of the muscle in the body) Intense headache with level of response deteriorating as time pass Unequal or dilated pupils Recent head injury Drowsiness or change of personality 1.If casualty is conscious, monitor vital signs every 10 minutes 2.If casualty is unconscious, be prepared to perform CPR or place him/her in recovery position 3.If the casualty does not regain conscious in 3 minutes, call for ambulance 4.Monitor Vital signs and advise casualty to see doctor Skull Fracture Breath-holding, Congested face & neck or drooling at the mouth Violent muscle twitching, with clenched fists and arched back Loss of, or altered, consciousness 1.Check ABC. If casualty is unconscious, perform CPR if needed. 2.Help conscious casualty to lie down head and shoulder raised, head turn to side to discharge any fluid from ear. 3.Cover bleeding with dressing & Control any other bleeding 4.Monitor vital signs and call for ambulance Cerebral Compression (Pressure exerted on the brain within the skull) Soft area or depression of the scalp A wound or bruise on the head Progressive deterioration in level of consciousness Clear fluid or watery blood coming from nose or ear 1.Make space around casualty and ask by-standers to move away 2.Loosen clothing around neck, protect casualty’s head if needed 3.Place casualty into recovery position when the symptom stops 4.Monitor Vital signs and seek medical aid if situation persist for more than 5 minutes Concussion (Temporary Disturbance of the brain) Slurred or garbled speech Unequal pupils Pounding Pulse Head and eyes turn to one side Lose of movement and feeling on one side of body 1.Arrange urgent removal to hospital 2.If casualty is conscious, assure casualty and allow him/her to be in a comfortable resting position 3.Stop any bleeding 4.Monitor Vital Signs Stroke (Blood supply to part of brain is seriously impaired by blood clot or ruptured artery) Brief Period of impaired consciousness following a blow or violent shake of the head Dizziness or nausea Loss of memory with mild, generalized headache 1.Seek Medical Aid urgently 2.Reassure casualty, loosen any tight clothing 3.If casualty is conscious, support casualty head and shoulder on pillow, incline head to affected side. Place towel on shoulder to absorb any dribbling. 4.Monitor vital signs till help arrives Disorder of Consciousness – Interruption to brain activity Skill Assessment Name: __________________________ Date : __________________________

Good Job !!! Revise Again ! ConditionSign & SymptomsTreatment Headache High temperature or fever Skin rash Confusion and disorientation Dislike of bright light Neck Stiffness, joints and muscle ache 1.Help casualty to sit/lie down 2.Apply cold compress or medicated oil to relieve pain 3.See medical aid if pain if severe or accompanied with fever or vomiting 4.See medical aid if it occurs after a head injury or with stiff neck Meningitis (Lining surrounding brain and spinal cord get inflamed) Weakness, faintness or hunger Rapid and strong pulse Casualty may display signs of confusion Muscle tremors Carries Insulin syringes, tablets or gel 1.Seek Medical aid and describe symptoms to medical assistance and raise your concerns that it may be meningitis 2.Assure casualty, monitor vital signs and sponge casualty’s face to help cooling Migraine (Severe, “Sickening” headache) Disturbance of vision in forms of flickering light Intense throbbing headache Nausea and vomiting Sensitive to bright light and loud sound 1.Help casualty with any medication that was give to him/her 2.Advise casualty to lie down or sleep in quiet dark room Diabetics – Hyperglycemia (unable to control high sugar level in blood) Accompanied with illness like flu Tiredness, stress or undue heat or cold Stuffy or fume filled atmosphere or drugs 1.Give casualty sugary drinks, sweet food every 10 minutes till medical aid arrives or casualty recovers 2.Loosen tight clothing 3.Allow casualty to self administrator insulin (Via Jab or Gel) Diabetics – Hypoglycemia (Unable to control low sugar level in blood) Casualty complain of thirst Warm dry skin with rapid pulse and breathing Vomiting and excessive urination Drowsy Fruity / Sweet Breath 1.Arrange for ambulance to send casualty to hospital 2.Monitor and record vital signs. Be prepared to give CPR/Recovery Position if casualty becomes unconscious Disorder of Consciousness – Interruption to brain activity Skill Assessment Name: __________________________ Date : __________________________

QuestionTrueFalse In a mild asthma attack, the attack should ease within 15 minutes Casualty suffering from mild hypoxia increases the casualty’s ability to think clearly Casualty can suffer from secondary drowning hours after incident * Secondary Drowning – Condition where air passage has been irritated by water, swells and stop performing oxygen absorption Can a brain tumor cause cerebral compression? Is the casualty allowed to eat, drink smoke if casualty suffers for any disorder to his/her consciousness? If Yes, why is it allowed? _____________________________________________________________ If No, why is it not allowed? __________________________________________________________ One possible symptom of Meningitis is skin rash. To determine if its Meningitis, press a glass over the skin rash. If it fades under the glass, first aider is to suspect Meningitis If your casualty is suffering from Hypoglycemia and his/her consciousness is impaired, first aiders are not to give casualty anything to eat or drink If as casualty has his/her own insulin syringe or gel, do you administer it for the casualty?