1 Remote Sensing in Brazil National Institute for Space Research INPE Leila Fonseca Image Processing Division INPE

2 Evolution of remote sensing use and applications in Brazil Up to mid 70´s: all the work which demanded earth information were met by using aerial photogrammetry technology : considered the golden period of aerial photogrammetry since this technology was cartelized and was the most expensive in the world In this period great projets, which demanded updated mappings and with high international grants came up in Brazil (Coffee plantation survey in the entire São Paulo state)

3 Evolution of remote sensing use and applications in Brazil After 1985 when the first orbital remote sensing companies were set up, some institutions or companies, which could not afford the aerial photogrammetric products, started to use satellite imagery Initially, the research focused on environmental sector such as fire monitoring, deforestation evaluation. All of them used traditional tools

4 Evolution of remote sensing use and applications in Brazil In the 90´s the use of satellite images increased considerably due to: the quick spreading of such technology; to the high cost of aerial photo technology; spread personal computer image processing tools As of 1999 with Landsat-7 launching and 2000 with High resolution IKONOS operation, many applications which were performed using aerial photos, could then be done using satellites images

5 New high resolution satellites Quick Bird (USA): 0.61 meters spatial resolution IKONOS (USA): 1.0 meter spatial resolution EROS (ISRAEL): 1.8 meter spatial resolution This technology has made information acquisition cheaper: the same produts generated using aerial photo (maps in scales 1:2000, 1:5000; urban data) can now be acquired for 1/10 of the price we payed 10 years ago

6 Remote Sensing Companies Two groups: –Aerial remote sensing: use photogrammetry technology (20) BASE, Aerofoto, Cruzeiro, Aerosul, Engefoto, Esteio and more 15 smaller ones –Orbital remote sensing: use satellite imagery technology (40) IMAGEM, Sensora, Intersat, Geoambiente, Threetek and more 30 smaller ones

7 Remote Sensing Companies Pioneer company: IMAGE (1986) –Leader in Latin America and Brazil (250 persons) Other companies were set up in the 90´s due to a great increase in the market

8 New Technologies

9 SPRING SPRING is a state-of-the-art GIS and remote sensing image processing system SPRING is a state-of-the-art GIS and remote sensing image processing system developed at INPE by Division of Image Processing group developed at INPE by Division of Image Processing group

10 SPRING provides integration of raster and vector data representations in a single environment INPE has invested more than 140 men/year o used for important projects in Brazil such as: Multi-temporal evaluation of deforestation in the Amazon; Ecological-Economical Zoning for Brazil; The National Soils Database

11 SPRING A Multi-platform system, including support for Windows95/98/NT, Linux and Solaris A widely accessible freeware for the GIS community with a quick learning curve new algorithms (spatial analysis) Is totally free on Training courses:

12 Countries: top 20

13 CBERS China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite Spatial program: cooperation between the Brazil and Chine CBERS-1 satellite was launched on October 14, 1999, aboard the Chinese rocket Long March 4B, from the Launch Center in Taiyuan, province of Shanxi, approximately 750 kilometers southwest of Beijing

14 CBERS multi-sensor payload with different spatial resolutions and data collecting frequencies WFI (Wide Field Imager, swath of 890 km with spatial resolution of 260m): CCD (high resolution, 113 km wide strip with 20m spatial resolution) IRMSS (Infrared Multispectral Scanner, 120 km swath with the resolution of 80m, 160m in the thermal channel ) Data collection system (real-time retransmission of environmental data gathered on the ground )

15 Image from the WFI 21 Camera - 10/21/ Itaipú

16 High resolution CCD image of Manaus

17 CCD Image of Beijin, China

18 Typical Data Collection Platform

19 Results participation in the International Space Station due to the experience acquired through the CBERS program the establishment of an industrial sector in the space area in Brazil Brazil is prepared to get involved in complex and ambitious tasks in the space area Studies for the development of more satellites from the CBERS series

20 Some important projects

21 MONITORING THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON DEFORESTATION (PRODES). amazonia.htm The largest forest monitoring project in the world Started in 1989 and provides annual deforestation rates a comprehensive survey based on LANDSAT-TM imagery requires at least 229 scenes to cover the region for one single year Coordenador: Dr. João Roberto dos Santos budget until 2003: $ 1,7 million

22 Analogic PRODES Data base: extension and deforestation rate type of vegetation and increment

23 PRODES DIGITAL Image Processing Tecnhique: Linear Mixing Model

24 Mapping of flooded area by brazilian hydroelectric resevoirs using satellite images ANEEL - ANEEL - National Electric Energy Agency INPE – National Institute for Space Research WMO – World Meteorologic Organization

25 Serra da Mesa resevoir

26 Objective Provide na uniform data base on the area flooded by hydroelectric resevoirs to support a fair financial compensation of municipalities 124 resevoirs were mapped in 3 months Over 90 TM-5 images were processed and incorporated into GIS (SPRING) Normalized water index was used to define the boundary between water and land Manual editing was needed to account for erros related to macrophytes and islands Accuracy of the methodology was assessed by comparing topographic maps available for the more recent resevoirs

27

28 Conclusion The methodoly was efficient (low cost and computationally quick) The results were quickly implemented in public policies The way the projet was set up allowed public administrator having direct acess to the data Fexible: allow updating at any time The results showed that the official area flooded by resevoirs was smaller than the real area

29 Remote Sensing for water management in arid and semi-arid areas: The Brazilian Experience Dra Evlyn (INPE) (URLib: evlyn water)

30 Remote sensing applications Desertification assessment Crop irrigation monitoring Aquaculture zoning Cartography ( X band SAR interferometry) Reservoir management

31 Brazilian arid and semi-arid region Big area: km 2 to km 2 10 states 1257 municipalities 20 million inhabitants artesian wells active artesian wells ha of irrigated land

32 Brazilian agencies using RS for water management –Water Resources Secretariat at the Ministry of Environment,Water Resources and Legal Amazon (MMA) –Semi-arid Research Unity (CPATSA) of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) –National Water Agency (ANA –Brazilian Geological Survey (CPRM) at the Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) –National Electric Energy Agency (ANEEL) – MME –S.Francisco River Basin Development Company (CODEVASF) –Ceara Meteorology and Water Resources Institute (FUNCEME)

33 Concluding remarks The use of remote sensing techniques for water resources management in Brazil is far behind of other applications. – lack of cloud free remote sensing data at a time frequency compatible to the water resource monitoring needs; –lack of human resources capable of coupling with the complexity of remote sensing applications to water resources.

34 PROARCO: Fire monitoring PROARCO: Fire monitoring April/1998 Roraima

35 Data integration analysis Meteorologic Vegetation Cartography data Heat points