CHAPTER 5: LEARNING OUTCOMES Explain MIS infrastructure and its three primary types. Identify the three primary areas associated with an information MIS infrastructure. Describe the characteristics of an agile MIS infrastructure. Identify the environmental impacts associated with MIS. Explain the three components of a sustainable MIS infrastructures along with their business benefits.

THE BUSINESS BENEFITS OF A SOLID MIS INFRASTRUCTURE MIS Infrastructure—Includes the plans for how a firm will build, deploy, use, and share its data, processes, and MIS assets Hardware Software Network Client Server Enterprise Architect—Is a person grounded in technology, fluent in business, and able to provide the important bridge between MIS and the business

SUPPORTING OPERATIONS: INFORMATION MIS INFRASTRUCTURE Backup and Recovery Plan Backup—An exact copy of a system’s information Recovery—The ability to get a system up and running in the event of a system crash or failure Fault tolerance Failover Failback Companies should choose a backup and recovery strategy in line with their goals and operational needs

SUPPORTING OPERATIONS: INFORMATION MIS INFRASTRUCTURE Disaster Recovery Plan Hot Site—A separate and fully equipped facility where the company can move immediately after a disaster and resume business Cold Site—A separate facility that does not have any computer equipment, but is a place where employees can move after a disaster Warm Site—A separate facility with computer equipment that requires installation and configuration

SUPPORTING OPERATIONS: INFORMATION MIS INFRASTRUCTURE Disaster Recovery Plan Disaster Recovery Plan—A detailed process for recovering information or an IT system in the event of a catastrophic disaster such as a fire or flood Disaster Recovery Cost Curve—Charts (1) the cost to the organization of the unavailability of info and technology and (2) the cost to the organization of recovering from a disaster over time

SUPPORTING OPERATIONS: INFORMATION MIS INFRASTRUCTURE Business Continuity Plan Business Continuity Planning (BCP)—A plan for how an organization will recover and restore partially or completely interrupted critical function(s) within a predetermined time after a disaster or extended disruption Emergency Notification Service—An infrastructure built for notifying people in the event of an emergency

SUPPORTING CHANGE: AGILE MIS INFRASTRUCTURE Accessibility—Refers to the varying levels that define what a user can access, view, or perform when operating a system Administrator Access—Unrestricted access to the entire system. Availability—Time frames when the system is operational Unavailable—Time frames when a system is not operating and cannot be used High availability—System is continuously operational at all times Maintainability—How quickly a system can transform to support environmental changes

SUPPORTING CHANGE: AGILE MIS INFRASTRUCTURE Portability—The ability of an application to operate on different devices or software platforms Reliability—Ensures a system is functioning correctly and providing accurate information Scalability—How well a system can scale up, or adapt to the increased demands of growth

SUPPORTING CHANGE: AGILE MIS INFRASTRUCTURE Performance—Measures how quickly a system performs a process or transaction Capacity planning—Determines future environmental infrastructure requirements to ensure high-quality system performance Usability—The degree to which a system is easy to learn and efficient and satisfying to use

MIS AND THE ENVIRONMENT Moore’s Law—Refers to how the computer chip performance per dollar doubles every 18 months Sustainable, or “Green,” MIS—Describes the production, management, use, and disposal of technology in a way that minimizes damage to the environment Corporate Social Responsibility—Companies’ acknowledged responsibility to society

MIS AND THE ENVIRONMENT Increased Electronic Waste Ewaste—Refers to discarded, obsolete, or broken electronic devices Sustainable MIS Disposal—Refers to the safe disposal of MIS assets at the end of their life cycle Increased Energy Consumption The energy consumed by a computer is estimated to produce as much as 10 percent of the amount of carbon dioxide produced by an automobile

MIS AND THE ENVIRONMENT Increased Carbon Emissions The major human-generated greenhouse gases, such as carbon emissions from energy use, are very likely responsible for the increases in climatic temperature over the past half a century When left on continuously, a single desktop computer and monitor can consume at least 100 watts of power per hour

SUPPORTING THE ENVIRONMENT: SUSTAINABLE MIS INFRASTRUCTURE Grid Computing—A collection of computers, often geographically dispersed, that are coordinated to solve a common problem Cloud Computing—Refers to the use of resources and applications hosted remotely on the Internet Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Software as a Service (SaaS) Platform as a Service (PaaS)

SUPPORTING THE ENVIRONMENT: SUSTAINABLE MIS INFRASTRUCTURE Virtualization—Creates multiple “virtual” machines on a single computing device Data Center—A facility used to house management information systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and storage systems Sustainable Data Centers Reduces carbon emissions Reduces required floor space Chooses geographic location