WORKING IN SPACE BY AND USA RUSSIA CHINA EUROPE JAPAN INDIA

AMERICA’S SPACE AGENCY NORTH AMERICA’S WORK IN SPACE

Curiosity was the first Mars rover launched on mars for investigating the Martian climate and geology of mars planet.It was launched by NASA space agency on 26 November 2011.It gave many valuable information about Mars. Voyager was the spacecraft launched by NASA space agency on 20 august 1970.It was the spacecraft which was launched to study the solar system and also was the first space craft to land on both the planets of Uranus and Neptune. Surveyor was the first lunar soft Lander launched to determine the lunar surface of moon that would be necessary for Apollo space program.It was launched on 30 may 1966.It was also launched by NASA space agency. Viking was the first of two spacecraft launched along with viking2 by NASA on 20 august 1970.It was launched as a satellite for the planet Mars. It successfully landed on Mars. It hold the record for the longest Mars surface mission of 6 years 116 days. Mariner4 was the spacecraft launched by NASA. It was designed for a planetary exploration on a fly by mode for the planet mars and conduct a close contact with the planet mars.It was launched on 28 November Landsat was the first satellite of USA launched by NASA for the purpose of earth images. It was launched on 23 july 1972.It was equipped with RBV,MSS,DCS.. CURIOSITY VOYAGER LANDSAT MARINER 4 VIKING SURVEYOR

RUSSIAN SPACE AGENCY RUSSIA’S WORK IN SPACE

Vostok was the first human spaceflight launched by soviet union. It was the first manned vehicle operated by Yuri Gagrin who was the first man to be in space. It was designed by soviet engineers. It consisted of a single orbit of the earth. As planned Gagrin landed separately from his spacecraft It made a single time orbit. According to official records the flight took 108minutes from launching to landing. Due to the secrecy surrounding the Soviet space program at the time many details of the spaceflight only came to light years later and several details in the original press releases turned out to be false. Soyuz was a series of spacecraft initially designed for the Soviet space programme. It was launched by soviet space agency in 1966.It was the unmanned vehicle. It was used to carry cosmonauts to and from Salyut and later Mir soviet space stations,ISS etc.It is intended to be replaced by the six person Prospective Piloted Transport System. Since today It has a series of first,secod,third and fourth generation of spacecraft. Voskhod was the second Soviet human spaceflight project. Two manned missions were flown using the Voskhod spacecraft and rocket one in 1964 and one in Voskhod development was both a follow on to the Vostok programme and a recycling components left over from that progamme’s cancelation following its first six flights. The Voskhod was superseded by the Soyuz programme. SOYUZ VOSKHOD VOSTOK

CHINA’S SPACE AGENCY CHINA’S WORK IN SPACE

Shuguang One also known as Project 714 was the first manned spacecraft proposed by the People’s Republic of China during the late 1960s and 1970s that was never built. The design was for a two man capsule, similar to the American Gemini spacecraft, that could be l launched in 1973.Because of financial and political problems,Shuguang was cancelled on 13 May Shenzhou is a spacecraft developed and operated by the People’s Republic of China to support its manned spaceflight program. The name is variously translated as ‘’Divine Craft”, “Divine Vessel of God “,”Magic Boat “ or similar and is also homophonous with an ancient name for China. Its design resembles the Russian Soyuz spacecraft,but it is larger in size and all new in construction.The first launch was on October In March 2005,an asteroid was named 8256 Shenzhou in honour of the spacecraft. Tiangong was the China’s first space station,serving as both a manned laboratory and an experimental test bed to demonstrate orbital rendezvous and docking capabilities. Launched unmanned aboard a Long March on 29 September 2011,it is the first operational component of the Tiangong program, which aims to place a larger, modular station into orbit by 2020.As of September 2011,Tiangong –I was deorbited in Piloted FSW NAMED as Fanhui Shi Weixing is a series of Chinese recoverable reconnaissance satelites.The satellites were used for both military and civilian observation needs, with a total of 26 flights. The first flight was FSW -0 ON and last SJ-8 on Four models of the satellites were introduced:FSW-0,FSW-1,FSW-2,and the most modern being FSW-3. SHENZHOU SHUGUANG TIANGONG PIOLTED FSW

JAPAN’S WORK IN SPACE

Akari is an infrared astronomy satellite developed by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency in cooperation with institutes of Europe and Korea. It was launched on Feb :28 UTC by M-v into Earth sun-synchronous orbit. After launched it was named Akari, which means light in Japanese. Its primary mission was to survey the entire sky in near mid and far infrared through its 68.5cm aperture telescope. Multifunctional Transport Satellites are a series of weather and a aviation control satellite They are geostationary satellites owned and operated by the Japanese Ministry of land, Infrastructure and transport and the Japan Metrological Agency, and provide coverage for the hemisphere cantered on 140 degree East this includes Japan and Australia who are the principle users of the satellites imagery that MTSAT provides. Suzaku is a Japanese X-ray astronomy satellite launched on 10 July 2005 aboard M-V-6 rocket. The project was renamed Suzaku after its successful launch after the mythical Vermillion bird of the south. Just weeks after launched, on 29 July 2005 the first of series of cooling system malfunctions occurred, that ultimately on 8 August 2005 cause d the entire reservoir of liquid helium to boil off into space. Hayabusa was an unmanned spacecraft developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency to return a sample of material from a small near-Earth asteroid named Itokawa to Earth for further analysis. HTV-1 was the first Japanese Space Agency H-II Transfer Vehicle, Launched in September 2009 to resupply the international Space Station and Support the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Kibo laboratory or JEM. It was an unmanned cargo spacecraft carrying a mixture of pressurized and unpressurised cargo to the space station AKARI MTSAT SUZAKU HAYABUSA HTV

EUROPE’S WORK IN SPACE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY

Ariane5 rocket is a ESA ‘S primary launcher.Its maximum estimated payload is 6-10 tons to GTO and up to 21 tons to LEO.The launch craft has been in service since 1997 and replaced Arianne 4. The Ariane 5 rocket exists in several variants, the heaviest being Ariane5 ECA, which failed during its first test flight in 2002 but has since made twenty two consecutive successful flights. In November 2012 ESA agreed to build an upgrade of Ariane5 called Ariane5 ME. Soyuz2 is a Russian medium payload launcher which was brought into ESA service in Oct ESA entered into €340 million joint venture with Russian Space Federal Space Agency over the use of the Soyuz launcher. Under the agreeement,the Russian agency manufacture Soyuz rocket parts for ESA, which are then shipped to French Guiana for assembly.ESA benefits because it gains a medium payload launcher, complementing its feet while saving its development costs. Vega is ESA’S small payload launcher. The leading ESA member state for the Vega program is Italy, contributing 65% of the costs. Vega itself has been designed to be a body launcher with three solid propulsion upper module to place the cargo into the exact orbit intended. For a small cargo rocket it is remarkable that Vega is able to place multiple payloads into orbits. ARIANE 5 SOYUZ 2 VEGA

INDIA’S SPACE MISSIONS & DEVELOPMENT

ISRO LAUNCHED MISSION’S ARE  Aryabhatta  Rohini  SLV- 3  PSLV  GSLV  Chandrayaan-1  ASLV  SLV  IRS  INSAT  GAGAN  INRSS  RLV-3D

LAUNCHED MISSIONS INDIA IS LAST IN AMONG TOP 5 COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD IN SPACE RESEARCH.