What is Engineering? Dr. Sandra Cruz-Pol Professor Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Puerto Mayaguez

What is Engineering ? Making a Difference… Solve all types of problems: zNzNew kinds of sport equipment to give players extra edge while keeping safe from injury. zDzDevelop sophisticated security equipment to keep nation safe zCzCreating new medical sensors for health zCzCreating new methods of communication zCzCreating more family time w/ smart appliances

Engineers… Use science, math and other knowledge to come up with solutions that are: zSafe zEffective zEnergy efficient zEconomical zEasy to use

Some Types of Engineers zChemical Eng. – improved food, cosmetics, synthetic clothes zEnvironmental Eng. – recycling methods, ways to purify air, water, soil zBiomedical Eng. – design artificial limbs, medical machines zMechanical Eng. – design cars, robotics, amusement rides.

Largest Engineering Colleges

Undergraduate Engineering Hispanic Full-time Student Enrollment: Top 10 Institutions

Percentage of Women in Colleges with Highest Women in Engineering Enrollment

Today’s Situation in Grad School In Engineering Schools women graduates comprise less than 10% of the students! zPossible causes  Discrimination  Harassment  Isolation  Lack of support zYes, you’ll be different, so? yCon: Have to work twice as good yPro: Your face will be easy to remember

Sexual Harassment At Harvard z32% of the tenured female professors z49% of those without tenure, z41% of the female graduate students, z34% of the undergraduate women reported having been sexually harassed by a person in authority at least once during their time at Harvard. [Gross 1991],Gross 1991 presents an account of the hostile environment for women at Stanford Medical School, which was recently called to attention by the resignation of a female neurosurgeon.

Discrimination: …Breaking Stereotypes Both men and women are sometimes in fault.  Most discrimination is done unconciously!  Create awareness, in a polite way (jokes?)  Don’t leave the Discrimination Radar ON  Networking with Co-workers, Mingle; football, golf, parties …  Appearances ARE important  loose the Hello Kitty folders!  dress up appropriately for work and research  Women language  Find a mentor and an advisor Equality

Look at these photos, what do you see?

Socializing with Co-workers zDiscussions with topics of interest to most men, such as sports and cars, topics which women are often uninformed about or uninterested in. Music, news. zThe resulting inability to participate in discussions can make it difficult for women to bond socially, and often leads women to feel outright alienated... “ This is exactly what happened to me at each T.A.--faculty meeting“ says new faculty member at U.S. university.

Family Priorities; Married status zMake sure spouse understands children are responsibility of both, yyour work should also be a priority for him. zTwo cases to avoid: yNon-cooperative husband y“Self-slaved” wife (yes, it happens) Equality

IQ + M operandi = Success zPeople skills: Know how to play the game zIntegrate: networking is important zNetwork with supporting societies y (SWE, WEP, MEP,…) zGet to work! ybe disciplined, make a schedule zMarried status helps zSet time for recreation too!

Myth: Why is the Ocean Blue? FALSE: The ocean is blue because the sky reflection on its surface. TRUE: Water is blue.  frequency spectra  But you need a huge amount of it to really see its color.  Look at a swimming pool as it gets deeper; even on cloudy days.

Myth #2 zFALSE: Thomas Edison, greatest contributor to Electricity. zTRUE: Nikola Tesla – greatest contributor to Electricity.  Invented ac motor, perfected dc motor, invented radio transmission, designed Niagara Falls generator, distribution systems, fluorescence lamps, remote control, wireless, logic circuits, 3 phasic and many others.

Electrical Engineering UPRM has 5 sub-areas

Electrical Engineering zPower - electricity distribution systems, electronics for control circuits for generation, transmission and usage of electric power. zElectronics - Digital systems, computer architecture zControl Systems - robotics, automation for manufacturing process

Electrical Engineering (cont…) zCommunications Digital Signal Processing, pattern recognition, image processing zElectromagnetics Microwaves, optics, antennas,wireless. radars Image Processing

Electromagnetics Applications: zCommunications Design of microwave circuits and antennas zRemote Sensing Radars and radiometers used to study nature and other objects

More Applications zPropagation yE.g. Ionosphere, short band zFrequency Spectrum   Rays, X-rays, UV, IR, zMedicine yTreat cancer microwaves Hyperthermia yLaser (eyes) zCommunication yRadio, TV, Telephony

Different Clouds types

Field Measurements Study of Rain at OK, 2001

Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA) Earth curvature effects prevent 72% of the troposphere below 1 km from being observed

CliMMate Lab CLoud Microwave Measurements of ATmospheric Events

Where to find this material? zhttp://casa.ece.uprm.edu/ zhttp://ece.uprm.edu/~pol/outreach