1 TV for Mobile Devices Technology Retreat 2006 Tom McDonough Senior Engineering Consultant, AZCAR

2 Today’s Agenda Introduction Mobile TV Defined / Market Opportunity Mobile TV Broadcast Technologies (Mobile Media Multicast) Modeo Mobile TV Broadcast Network

3 What is Mobile TV? Yet Another Content Delivery Platform Television-like Services to Wireless Handheld Devices −Mobile Phones, Laptops, Portable Media Players, PDAs Higher Speed Data Broadcasting (Datacasting) to Handheld Devices Multiple Media Types −Linear Channels / Live A/V Streams −Non-linear Channels / A/V File Transfer (Pod or Clip casting) Integrated with Cellular (Low speed) Data Services (Web Interactivity)

4 Expanding Content Opportunity

5 Motivation for Mobile TV Last Frontier for Convergence −Broadcasting TV Content to Mobile Devices TV-like Services Highly Desirable – Market Research Download Short Clips Available Today – 2.5G / 3G Single “Media” Device Desirable Feature-rich Mobile Phones Becoming a Commodity Carriers Need for Enhanced Mobile Services

6 Use Cases Relaxation at Idle Times −Business Users and Travelers −Movies, Clips, Info Channels, etc… Information for Business Users / Travelers −Stock Charts, Weather Forecasts, News iPod Generation

7 Market Opportunity Opportunity for Content Providers −New Content / Channels −Brand Tie-In with Current Channels/Networks Opportunity for Telecom Network Providers −New / Enhanced Mobile Services New Opportunity for Multicast Network Operators −MediaFLO USA −Modeo (Crown Castle Mobile Media)

8 Mobile TV Rollout Timing 2004 −Early Field Tests in Specific Cities 2005 −Early Consumer Trials of DVB-H and ISDB-T Worldwide 2006 −Larger Consumer Trials / Initial Deployments 2007 −Mass Deployment of Consumer Mobile TV

9 Mobile TV Content From Giant Screen to Tiny Screen New / Re-purpose Content Channels New Content Providers / New Channel Formats Choice of Content is Key Mobile TV Content Must be Short(er) Successful 3G Services Provide Valuable Lessons −Mobisodes Successful Short Content −Specialized Content (Podcast) in High Demand New Usage Patterns / Demographics / Advertising Models

10 Target Content Format Image Resolution x 240 Frame Rate fps Encoded Bit Rate Range kbps Video Coding – H.264/AVC, VC-1 Audio Coding −HE AACv2 (MPEG4 High Efficient Profile Advanced Audio Codec) −AMR-WB+ (Extended Adaptive Multi-Rate - Wideband ) −Windows Media Audio Pro LBR (Low Bitrate) Small Screen but Quality Expected (iPod, PSP)

11 Mobile Media Services Value Chain Users Content Providers Broadcasters (Localized Content) Mobile Telecom Operators Mobile Multicast Network Operators Manufacturers

12 Mobile TV Business Model

13 Mobile TV Challenges Right Mix of Services at Right Price Secure Content and Support DRM Efforts New and Different Sources of Revenue −Standard TV Services −Enhanced Services (PPV, Interactive) Handset Manufacturers −Balance Feature/Function Meets Consumer Expectation −Battery Life, Battery Life, etc…

14 Key Requirements Transmission System Enable Reception Chain Power Off Cycles −Extend Precious Battery Life Service Continuity – Node to Node, Intra/Inter Region Robust RF Environment −Enabling Reception Indoor, Outdoor, Moving Vehicle −Immunity to Man-made Noise Flexibility in Transmission Bands and Channel Bandwidths Independent of Media Data Type/Format

15 Mobile Media Multicast Technologies Reliable Delivery of High-quality Multimedia/IP Data Provide Robust RF Infrastructure Multicast Capable Hybrid Network Topologies −Cellular Network (Voice Lower Speed Two-way Data) −Multicast Network (High Speed Media Multicast)

16 Mobile TV Technologies Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting (ISDB-T) Digital Multimedia Broadcast (DMB) Qualcomm MediaFLO (Forward Link Only) Digital Video Broadcast – Handhelds (DVB-H)

17 Technology Highlights Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting (ISDB-T) −National Transmission Standard for DTV/DAB in Japan −Broadcasting Modes for HDTV and Datacasting / MobileTV −OFDM Transmission, Segmented Band of 13 OFDM Sub-bands −1 Sub-band Allocated for Mobile Media Services Digital Multimedia Broadcast (DMB) −Data, Radio, TV to Mobile Devices −Satellite (S-DMB) or Terrestrial (T-DMB) Transmission −Based on Eureka 147 / DAB Technology w/ Video −Trials in South Korea, now to China and India −Protocol Stack Raw MPEG4, No IP Layer

18 Technology Highlights Qualcomm MediaFLO (Forward Link Only) −Purpose-built Media Distribution Technology −Complete System; Systems, Software, Chips −Full Capability, Good Performance, IP for Data Service Only −Proprietary Technology; Compression, Modulation, etc Digital Video Broadcast – Handhelds (DVB-H) −Based on DVB-T Standards, Enhancements for Mobile −Data, Radio, TV Services to Mobile Devices −All Services IP-based, Future Proof −Open Standards, Full Capability, Good Performance

19 Qualcomm MediaFLO Purpose-built Media Distribution Technology A Complete Mobile Media Distribution System −Systems, Software, Chips Optimized for Delivery of Multicast Content −Streaming A/V −Non-realtime Multimedia File Delivery −IP Data Service Forward-Link-Only (FLO) Multicast Network −Separate (Overlay) From Cellular Network −FLO Receivers Integrated into Mobile Phones Cellular Network Service Integration −Interactive Applications −Authentication and Authorization

20 MediaFLO System Elements FLO Technology: New Air Interface −Layered Codec, Layered Modulation, 2-11Mbps/6MHz Channel −Dynamic Channelization / Independent Coding Rate and Modulation −Wide Area / Local Area channel Integration −UHF Spectrum (>700MHz, up to 2.6GHz), 5-8MHz Bandwidth MediaFLO Media Distribution System (MDS) −Software Systems for Content / Service Management −Content Channels, Program Guides, System Information (SI) −Access Control, Subscription and License Management MediaFLO USA, Inc. −Network Operator / Service Provider −Nationwide Multicast Network Deployment −Delivers Wireless Operators a Base Package of Audio/Video Content

21 DVB-H Primary Enhancements to DVB-T Standards Additional Feature to Support Handheld Mobile Reception −Battery Savings −Mobility with High Data Rates, −Single Antenna Reception, SFN Multicast Networks −Impulse Noise Tolerance −Increased General Robustness −Support for Seamless Handover “H” Additions −Service Timeslicing (Receiver Off-Time) for Power Savings −MPE-FEC (Multiprotocol Encapsulation) for Additional RF Robustness −4K Transmission Mode for Mobility / Network Design Flexibility −5MHz Mode for Non-Broadcast (DVB-T) Environments DVB-H is for IP-based Services via MPE insertion

22 DVB-H Functional Blocks

23 DVB-H Specifics Service Time-slicing −Reduce Average Power Consumption −Enable Smooth and Seamless Service Handover −Sending Service Data in Bursts at Higher Bitrate −Burst Timing Information Sent (Delta-T for Next Burst) −Receiver Off Between Bursts −May Increase Channel Changing Time MPE-FEC −Improved C/N and Doppler Performance in Mobile Channels −Additional Levels of RS Error Correction at MPE Layer −Parity Information (from IP Datagrams) in Separate Sections −Flexible FEC Scheme to Optimize Data-throughput

24 DVB-H Content Delivery Streaming Media Delivery −VC1/Microsoft WM9Series, H.264/AVC −RTP (Real-time Transport), MSB (Multicast) Protocol −SDP (Session Description) for Stream Information File Delivery −Electronic Service Guide (Programming and Services) −Signaling / Bootstrapping Information (SDP and NSC Files) −Audio and Video Media Files (Podcasts) −FLUTE (File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport - RFC3926) −FLUTE Provides Additional FEC Coding

25 DVB-H IP Datacast Protocol Stack

26 DVB-H Trials (Worldwide) Australia −Sydney Trial Services Czech Republic −Brno Trial Services Finland −Trials, Commercial Services France −Multiple Trial Services Germany −Multiple Trial Services Italy −Turin Trial (Olympics) Netherlands −The Hague Trials Portugal −Lisbon Trials Singapore −Trials Spain −Multiple trials United Kingdom −Multiple trials United States −Modeo −MediaFLO USA

27 US Mobile TV Turf Wars COFDM Modulation Scheme Target Format 30fps Data Throughput ~6.2Mbps (RF channel Dependant) Proprietary Technology Single Vendor (Currently) Initial Trials Better Performance Network Operator Verizon Partnership COFDM Modulation Scheme Target Format 30fps Data Throughput ~6.2Mbps (RF Channel Dependant) Open Standards Broad Vendor Support Completed Trials Good Performance DVB-H MediaFLO

28 Modeo Mobile TV Network Crown Castle Mobile Media becomes Modeo LLC Crown Castle International Subsidiary −Largest Independent Owner/Operator Wireless Infrastructure −Over 10,000 Tower Sites in US Acquired 5MHz Unencumbered Nationwide Spectrum (1670MHz) Currently Operating DVB-H Mobile TV Network −Nine Site SFN Network in Pittsburgh PA −Successful Completion of Pilot/Consumer Trial in 2005 −Planning Commercial Launch in 2006 Major Markets (NYC) −Targeting Top 30 Markets by 2007 −Complete Service Headend Upgrade for Commercial Operation

29 Modeo Network Overview

30 Network Technical Details TRANSMITTERS −9 transmitters (2kW EIRP) in SFN, covering Pittsburgh. BROADCAST BAND AND FREQUENCY − MHz −Crown Castle owns 5MHz of L-band spectrum nationwide in USA which was won in FCC auction, 2003 DVB-H PARAMETERS −2k mode, QPSK 2/3 or 16QAM 1/2, GI 1/4, time-sliced with MPE-FEC AMOUNT OF BANDWIDTH USED FOR DVB-H Full bandwidth of multiplex in 5 MHz channel, typically ~4 Mbit/s net VIDEO / AUDIO FORMAT −Video: Windows Media WMV9, QVGA, 25fps, 250kbps −Audio: Windows Media WMAPro, 32-48kbit/s INTERACTIVITY PLATFORM n/a CONDITIONAL ACCESS / DRM TYPE AND PROVIDER −Windows Media DRM HEADEND EQUIPMENT −Thales WM Encoders and servers, Thales IP encapsulators, Axcera and Thales transmitters, Kathrein antennas RECEIVER / TERMINAL EQUIPMENT −DiBcom SD module with PDA’s, plus prototype devices from several different vendors transmitters

31 Modeo Headend Data Flow

32 More Information on Mobile TV Mobile TV Alliance − Modeo Mobile TV Network − DVB-H Online − IP Datacast Forum − Mobile TV Forum − MediaFLO Forum − Open Mobile Alliance −

33 Questions? Technology Retreat 2006