The untapped Water and Energy Efficiency Opportunities in Municipal Water Systems Mike Rabe City Energy Strategies Conference November 2003 Cape Town

Who is the Alliance to Save Energy ?  U.S. based NGO coalition of prominent business, government, environmental and consumer leaders who promote the efficient and clean use of energy worldwide to benefit the environment, economy, and major stakeholders  Expertise in Building, Industrial, International, Financing, Utility, Water and Energy management, Policy, Market Development, and Education sectors  Over 70 Alliance Associates  Alliance runs programmes in many countries around the world

What is the relationship between water and energy? Wasted Water = Wasted Energy Resources Addressing inefficiencies in systems results in substantial water savings and hence also substantial energy savings Therefore substantial quantities of energy can be saved within municipal water systems In many water supply systems (water and wastewater), energy represents the single biggest input cost in the final delivered product

What does the Alliance do? Initiated the ‘Watergy Programme’ in various European countries, Brazil, India, Mexico, and South Africa Watergy underway as a programme in four S.A. cities, funded by USAID Helps set up Efficiency Management teams Assists in accessing financial resources Co-manages the implementation of technical improvements to water systems Disseminates best practice through case studies

What does the Alliance plan to do in South Africa? Leak reduction programmes Pressure Management Planning and setting up Energy Efficiency cells Biogas utilization Water audits and benchmarking, in Buffalo City, Mogale City, Sol Plaatje and Polokwane

What are the challenges to this programme? Lack of information Lack of capacity Lack of financial resource

Context within S.A. Much change within municipal environment over the last 10 years Focus on many issues except perhaps efficiency Extension of service delivery to low income areas is critically needed but cannot be expanded sufficiently due to constraints on resources A solution to this constraint is to create efficiencies within the existing systems =>A solution to this constraint is to create efficiencies within the existing systems

The Solution-Watergy Efficiency

Synergies resulting from co- managing water and energy resources Reduce Costs Improve affordability / sustainability Allows for expansion of service delivery footprint Cuts Air Pollution Improve Public Health Upgrade Water and Energy Services Minimize Strain on Natural Resources Reduce or Eliminate Major Capital Investment

What can Municipalities do to Promote Watergy Efficiency? Create management infrastructure (people aspect, competency and capacity) Expand bulk water metering and monitoring systems (procedures) Develop baselines and metrics (benchmarking) Carry out facility assessments (systems audit) Establish goals and record success Develop an action plan for addressing waste Seek outside assistance Mobilize community action Management and leadership are key

Supply Side and Demand Side Intervention Supply Side: Addressing leaks low c-value (high friction) for pipes improper system layout system over-design incorrect equipment selection old, outdated equipment Lack of preventative and proactive maintenance Poor reactive maintenance wastage of usable water inefficient pumps and motors, correcting power factors Pressure management Load shifting

Supply Side and Demand Side Intervention (cont.) Demand Side: Metering, billing and revenue collection Retrofitting water efficient household appliances including toilets Industrial water reuse Leak and water waste reduction Efficient basin Aerators Efficient washing appliances Matching service level provision to affordability Xeriscaping Drip Irrigation Rebate installation programmes

Case Study: Results of a co-ordinated supply and demand side approach to water services in the Kagiso area of Mogale City

Results/Benefits Substantial water and energy savings Efficiencies created Reduced sewage flows Reduced cost of sewage treatment (quantitative and qualitative) Increased payment percentages for wet services Postponement of substantial CAPEX

Another key principle: Efficiency attracts development The case of SAB-Miller in Mogale City: SAB-Miller represents the single biggest user of water in Mogale City (10% of total) and hence also the single biggest source of revenue from water for the City Water is the largest input cost into brewing beer Creating efficiencies=>reduces cost of water to the end-user=>attracts future national expansion in capacity of SAB-Miller

SAVE WATER – DRINK BEER !!!

Industrial Demand Side Approaches  Water Reuse  Austin,Texas is developing an entire piping system for recaptured water to be used in a large variety of industrial and irrigation purposes throughout the city saving 150 million liter per day  California reuses over 160 billion gallons of water for irrigation and industries  eThekwini Municipality has implemented an industrial water reuse project

Demand-Side Action Case of Toronto Canada Goal- Reduce peak water demand and waste water treatment by 15 (220 million liters per day) percent by 2015 Motivation- Demand is predicted to outstrip supply in years dictating the need for costly infrastructure investments Process- Created a cross sectional water efficiency team with both demand and supply side expertise

Case of Toronto Canada Actions Leak reduction program- reduced 30 million liters per day Low flow toilet installation program Horizontal Washing machine program Industrial capacity buy-back program Results Efficiency measures cost 1/3 of building new capacity

Other examples in S.A. Operation Gcin’amanzi project in Soweto Khayalitsha pressure management project eThekwini optimization of water system Least cost planning as adapted to the Western Highveld keep listening!!!

For More Information Mike Rabe or Seth Baruch at the Alliance to Save Energy