AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL Presented by S.SUMESWAR PATRO Regd no: 0601222335 TECHNICAL SEMINAR ON AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL Presented by S.SUMESWAR PATRO Regd no: 0601222335

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION WHAT IS AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TYPES OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL DIVISIONS OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM AIRPORT CONTROL AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWERS DISCIPLINES OF AIRPORT CONTROL RADAR CONTROL FACILITIES DEPARTURE OF AIR CRAFTS EN-ROUTE,CENTRE OR AREA CONTROL CALL SIGNS AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES PROBLEMS AND THEIR SOLUTIONS CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION The ATC is bracing up to meet growing demands of aircrafts with more ATC officers and new radar systems. The air traffic control(ATC) is the busiest in the country handling over 250 or more movements. It regulates the large volume of air traffic and also handles test and military flights with varied aircraft speed.

WHAT IS AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL Air traffic control(ATC) is a service provided by ground based controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and in the air. The task of ensuring safe operations of commercial and private aircraft falls on Air Traffic Controllers. The controllers coordinate the movements of thousands of aircraft, keep them at certain distance, direct them during movements, around bad weather and ensure smooth flow with minimal delays.

TYPES OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL 1.En-route controllers i. Terminal a. High level airspace. b. Low level airspace. ii. En-route 2.Airport controllers. i. Ground control. ii. Local or air control. iii.Clearance delivery.

DIVISIONS OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM Air Traffic Control System Command Center (ATCSCC) Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCC) Terminal Radar Approach Control(TRACON) Air Traffic Control Tower (ATCT) Flight Service Station(FSS)

DEPARTURE OF AIRCRAFTS The TRANSPONDER detects the incoming radar signals and broadcasts an amplified, encoded radio signals in the direction of the detected radar wave. The DEPARTURE CONTROLLER, located in the TRACON facility monitors the aircraft and maintain safe distance between ascending aircraft by instructing the pilot. The CENTER or ARTCC CONTROLLER passes an updated flight progress slip and distributes it to new controller.

AIRPORT CONTROL The primary method of controlling the airport enviro-ment is visual observation from the control which is a tall, windowed structure at the airport. Tower controllers are responsible for the separation and efficient movement of aircraft and vehicles operating on the taxiways of the airport. Controllers may use a radar display system called Secondary Surveillance or Airport Surveillance Radar for airborne traffic approaching and departing.

AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWERS Amsterdam’s Airport Chicago’s Airport

DISCIPLINES OF AIRPORT CONTROL Ground control: It is responsible for the airport maneuvering areas or areas not released to the airlines or other users. Local or Air control: It is responsible for the active runway surfaces. Clearance Delivery: It is responsible for ensuring that the aircraft has the proper route and slot time. Apron control: It exists at extremely busy airports.

RADAR CONTROL FACILITIES(TRACON)

EN-ROUTE,CENTER OR AREA CONTROL En-route air traffic controllers work in facilities called Area Control Centers. Centers control IFR aircraft from the time they depart an airport or terminal area’s airspace to the time they arrive at another airport. Centers may also pick up VFR aircraft that are already airborne and integrate them into IFR system.

RADAR COVERAGE Centers use long range radar to control a large space area. Centers may use TRACON radar data to control to provide better picture of the traffic.

CALL SIGNS Call signs are a used to safe air traffic separations and is used for scheduled flights and air forces for military flights. Different types of call signs: ICAO call signs are written with 3-letter combination followed by the flight no. Audio or Radio-telephony call signs are used as the contact between pilots and Air Traffic Control.

TECHNOLOGIES IN AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL Conflict Alert (CA) Minimum safe altitude warning System coordination Area Penetration Warning (APW) Mode S

PROBLEMS OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL Weather conditions Traffic Accidents

SOLUTIONS New area control centre at Swan wick Modern software developed by FAA and NASA

CONCLUSION The Air Traffic Control (ATC) is the third busiest in the country handling over 250 movements (landing and takeoff) everyday. Besides regulating the large volume of air traffic, handling test and military flights with varied aircraft speed. The ATC is, bracing up to meet the growing demands of an ever-increasing fleet of commercial, civil and military aircraft- more air traffic control officers and new radar systems.

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