Presented to: Instructors and Pilot Examiners By: The FAASTeam Date: July 1 to September 30, 2012 Federal Aviation Administration Downloaded from FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 Module 8, Core Topics 15: Pilot Deviations Including Runway Incursions

2 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2012 Downloaded from FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 Module 8 – Core Topic 15 Pilot Deviations, Including Runway Incursions: Educate your students to recognize the potential for Pilot Deviations during all Areas of Operation Create and demonstrate situations that will enable students to experience various types of Pilot Deviations first hand in the training environment. Teach and practice strategies to mitigate Pilot Deviations dependant on distractions and/or cockpit confusion. Are all of your students registered at FAASafety.gov?

3 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2012 Downloaded from Definitions What is a runway incursion? Any occurrence at an aerodrome involving the incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle or person on the protected area of a surface designated for the landing and takeoff of aircraft. Definition according to ICAO

4 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2012 Downloaded from Definitions What is a pilot deviation? A pilot deviation (PD) is an action of a pilot that violates any Federal Aviation Regulation. Definition according to Department of Transportation

5 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2012 Downloaded from Definitions What is an Operational Error? An operational error (OE) is an action of an air traffic controller that results in: Less than the required minimum separation between two or more aircraft, or between an aircraft and obstacles (e.g., vehicles, equipment, personnel on runways). An aircraft landing or departing on a runway closed to aircraft. Definition according to Department of Transportation

6 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2012 Downloaded from Definitions What is a vehicle/pedestrian deviation? A vehicle or pedestrian deviation (V/PD) includes pedestrians, vehicles, or other objects interfering with aircraft operations by entering or moving on the movement area without authorization from air traffic control. Definition according to Department of Transportation

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10 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2012 Downloaded from Classifications of Runway Incursion Category D Little or no chance of collision but meets the definition of a runway incursion Definitions according to FAA Office of Runway Safety

11 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2012 Downloaded from Classifications of Runway Incursion Category C Separation decreases but there is ample time and distance to avoid a potential collision Definitions according to FAA Office of Runway Safety

12 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2012 Downloaded from Classifications of Runway Incursion Category B Separation decreases and there is a significant potential for collision Definitions according to FAA Office of Runway Safety

13 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2012 Downloaded from Classifications of Runway Incursion Category A Separation decreases and participants take extreme action to narrowly avoid a collision, or the event results in a collision Definitions according to FAA Office of Runway Safety

14 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2012 Downloaded from Classifications of Runway Incursion Category E Does not fit into any other category Definitions according to FAA Office of Runway Safety

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23 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2012 Downloaded from What can you do to reduce runway incursions? Plan your surface operations Employ cockpit discipline Understand taxi procedures Make proper use of aircraft lights Use proper communication techniques Understand/recognize airport signs and markings STAY ALERT – Look both ways prior to crossing any runways!

24 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2012 Downloaded from Planning Surface Operations Pre plan taxi routes at departure and destination airports Ensure you have an accurate, up to date airport diagram available Review NOTAM’s and ATIS for possible construction impacts – rwy/twy closures Look for “hot spots” –Jeppesen airport diagrams – FAA charts

25 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2012 Downloaded from Verify Compass heading to confirm proper runway taxiway selection.

26 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2012 Downloaded from Cockpit Discipline Minimize distractions during critical phases –Taxi for takeoff is where majority of RIs occur –Delay checklists and “cleanup” until off the runway Recognize when you need to have “heads up” –Any time the plane is moving but… –Especially when approaching a runway or an intersecting taxiway Write down taxi routes and clearances –From RIIEP – 72% of pilots who had incursion DID NOT Use the airport diagram during taxi –From RIIEP – 47% of pilots who had Rwy inc DID NOT Verbalize critical instructions to other crew members –Hold Short or Crossing instructions

27 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2012 Downloaded from Pilot Deviations What’s the Problem?

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29 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2012 Downloaded from TFR – Temporary Flight Restriction SFRA – Special Flight Rules Area MOA – Military Operations Area ADIZ – Air Defense Identification Zone Prohibited – From the surface to defined limit Alert – Informs of a high volume of aerial activity Warning – Areas 3 NM beyond the US coast, possible hazardous activity

30 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2012 Downloaded from Other Possible Deviations Altitude Heading Course Speed Crossing restrictions

31 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2012 Downloaded from Helpful Tips Watch where you are going! Pay attention! When in doubt, ask for help! Don’t rush Don’t cut corners Use the checklist Keep maps, diagrams and flight plans available Use reminders

32 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2012 Downloaded from SITUATIONAL AWARENESS WILL SAVE YOUR LIFE!

33 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2012 Downloaded from FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 Module 8, Core Topic #15 Questions? Comments? Ideas? Quiz time ~

34 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2012 Downloaded from 1. The before take-off checklist should be completed while taxing. a. True b. False 2. At a Towered airport, if you are unsure of where to taxi after landing, you should a. Consult your taxi chart b. Ask ATC c. Ask you co-pilot or passenger d. Taxi around until you find your destination on the airport.

35 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2012 Downloaded from 3. Should the pilot read-back “all” takeoff and landing clearances, including the runway designator?? a. Yes b. No 4. Only “read-back” an ATC clearance when on an “IFR” flight plan. a. True b. False

36 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2012 Downloaded from 5. Which of the following areas are major contributors to Pilot Deviations in general? a. Communications b. Airport Knowledge c. Cockpit procedures for maintaining orientation d. Distraction e. All of the above Answers Follow –

37 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2012 Downloaded from 1. The before take-off checklist should be completed while taxing. a. True b. False b. False - Airplane Flying Handbook 2. At a Towered airport, if you are unsure of where to taxi after landing, you should a. Consult your taxi chart b. Ask ATC c. Ask you co-pilot or passenger d. Taxi around until you find your destination on the airport. b. Ask ATC - Airplane Flying Handbook

38 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2012 Downloaded from 3. Should the pilot read-back “all” takeoff and landing clearances, including the runway designator?? “YES” – FAA, Office of Runway Safety. 4. Only “read-back” an ATC clearance when on an “IFR” flight plan. True or False? “False’ – AIM, Section 5 and Airplane Flying Handbook

39 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2012 Downloaded from 5. Which of the following areas are major contributors to Pilot Deviations in general? a. Communications b. Airport Knowledge c. Cockpit procedures for maintaining orientation d. Distraction e. All of the above e. All of the above - Airplane Flying Handbook (FAA- H A) page 1-5

40 Federal Aviation Administration FAASTeam CFI Workshop 8 July 1 through September 30, 2012 Downloaded from This Completes CFI Workshop Module 8 AND The Second CFI Workshop Series CONGRATULATIONS!