European Expansion By-Roneel and Deen

1) Scandinavia

northern region of Europe consisting of Denmark, Sweden and Norway.

2) Basque

the region straddling the border between France and Spain.

3) Pagan

a person who practices a religion other than Christianity

4) Latitude

distance from the equator.

5) Barter

trade without use of money.

6) Conquistador

16 century Spanish conquers

7) First nations

term used in Canada for some indigenous people.

8) Polygamy

the custom of having more than one wife at the same time.

9) Missionaries

a person who is sent out to convert the people into his or her own religion

10) Shaman

He is the person who interprets the dreams and treats the ill.

The European economy was prosperous but also fragile as with every bad harvest in a row, food became scarce and the prices rose.

They imported gold, silver, spices, silk and precious stones.

The main European countries in the discovery were Great Britain, France, Portugal, Spain.

The motives for the European exploration were economic, political and religious things.

Caravel is a Portuguese developed ship with a broad sides and flat bottom with allowed the boat to be steady in the water.

Astrolabe is Arab device when the pointer is pointed at the north star or the sun so then navigators could read its height from the horizon, from which they can calculate the latitude of the ship.

Compass is a Chinese developed device later improved by the Portuguese. It is a box filled with water or oil and a magnetic needle floating on the top which pointed to the north pole.

Portolans were navigation charts developed by Spaniards, Italians and Portuguese.

When the population of the native people decreased so then they turned to another source, black slaves.

Vasco Da Gama discovered the route to India.

Christopher Columbus discovered America and named the inhabitants West Indians.

Both Europeans and the native had a different point of view.

Galileo Galilei was the one who discovered the four moons of Jupiter, the rings of Saturn and the sun spots.

Nicolaus Copernicus wrote the book THE REVOLUTION OF THE CELESTIAL SPHERE.

Marco Polo’s family was an Italian merchant.

Q1) Why did the Europeans began to explore?

Ans) Gold was an international currency at that time and the gold mines in the Europe and Africa were running out.

Q2) What were the goods that the Europeans imported from Africa and Asia?

Ans) They imported silk, gold, spices, precious stones and silver from Africa and Asia.

Q3) Which were the main countries involved in the exploration?

Ans) France, Great Britain, Spain and Portugal were involved in the exploration.

Q4) Who were the middleman at that time?

Ans) The Arabs, Italians and the Turks.

Q5) What are the three reasons the Europeans set sail to explore the world?

Ans) They set sail for:- 1-political reasons 2-religious reasons 3-economic reasons

Q6) What does geocentrism stands for?

Ans) It means that all the planets revolved around the sun.

Q7) What does heliocentrism stands for?

Ans) It means that all the bodies included Earth revolved around the Sun.

Q8) What did Galileo Discovered from his observations?

Ans) His observations led him to conclude that Earth rotated on its axis as well as around the sun.

Q9) Who was Johnnes Kepler.

Ans) He was the friend of Galileo who worked out with three laws to explain the movements of the heavenly bodies.

Q10) What was the name of one of the ship used by Christopher Columbus?

Ans) Santa Maria.

Q11) Who was the explorer who discovered Canada?

Ans) John Cabot.

Q12) What did the Europeans thinks about themselves?

Ans) They thought that they were superior that other people around the world.

Q13) What were the types of colonies?

Ans) The colony of exploitation and the colony of settlement.

Q14) Which was the first British colony in America?

Ans) Virginia.

Q15) What were the problems faced by the indigenous people by the arrival of Europeans?

Ans) 1-epidemics 2-massacres 3-forced labour

Q16) What was triangular trade?

Ans) Black slaves were bought from Africa to America to work and then the raw materials were sent back to Europe which proceeded them and transported to their colonies.

Q17) Who were missionaries?

Ans) They converted the indigenous people into Christianity and sometimes offered them to give firearms in return.

Q18) Were the indigenous people dependent on Europeans?

Ans) Yes, they were totally dependent on the Europeans.

Q19) What was polygamy?

Ans) It was a custom in which a man can have more than one wife.

Q20) Who were the Shamans?

Ans) They interpreted dreams and treated the sick.

The End