Chapter 4 Colonies Grow
Chapter 4 Sec 1 New England Colonies Farming not main economic activity b/c poor soil ( rocky) long winters = short growing season Subsistence farming-grow only what you need. NO surplus.
New England Commerce $$$ Milling- most by streams Lumber mills whaling Shipbuilding very important Triangular Trade Middle passage- route where the slaves came across from Africa to be sold in the Americas
Middle Colonies Better climate and soil than NE Cash Crops grown in MC –Wheat, barley, rye Industry- lumbering, mining and manufacturing Breadbasket Colonies Longer growing season than NE colonies
Southern Colonies Soil and climate great, farms were large and had a long growing season Cash crops such as tobacco, rice, cotton Slaves labored in the fields Slave labor grew- slave codes prohibit slaves from –marriage, read or write..etc
Tidewater and Backcountry Tidewater- where plantations were located, rich land, ample water supply Tidewater/plantation owners controlled the politics/economics Backcountry - new settlers had to live here Grew corn, tobacco on small farms Some had slaves, one or two
Get in groups for reading/discussion We will read slave readings and discuss 10 facts that you found in each of the readings. You will have 20 min to complete this
Sec. 2 Govt., Religion and Culture English Bill of Rights- signed by William and Mary, guaranteeing basic rights –Influenced our Bill of Rights England viewed the colonies as an economic resource $$$ Mercantilism - more trade more powerful –13 colonies exist to make money for England Navigation Acts- controlled colonial trade
Colonial Government Magna Carta 1215 Est. principal of limited government, power of king was limited –Influenced writers of Constitution- limited power of government
Voting rights Not everyone could vote White males, land owners can vote!!! Blacks, women, Indians couldn’t vote
Emerging Culture Great Awakening- religious revival Jonathan Edwards, George Whitefield leaders in revival Enlightenment- idea that knowledge, reason and science can improve society Ben Franklin.. Enlightened thinker!!
Section 3 France and Britain Clash FURSBritish French rivalry- Ohio River Valley, good soil and plenty of FURS French had allies in Indians- they were nicer to Indians than British Washington built Ft. Necessity in ORV Defeated, but now a hero Albany Plan of Union Franklin called for all colonies to come together under 1 govt. It failed
Sec. 4 French and Indian War 7 years war British and French fight for control of North America William PittWilliam Pitt takes charge in England, sending more troops and money to colonies, turned tide for English After war, England raised taxes to replenish the treasury- leads to Rev. War
Results of War New France Falls Treaty of Paris 1763Treaty of Paris 1763 Ends war, France keeps islands but gives up Canada and lands east of Miss. River= more land for England and 13 Colonies Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 1763 – settlers could not cross Appl. Mountains b/c of fighting with Indians –Settlers move anyway. Can’t be stopped.