Sexually Transmitted Infections

Syphilis

What is it? Cause by the ___________ Treponema pallidum Can be very serious, even deadly. If untreated. It is the __________prevalent of the STI’s at this time with 70,000 cases annually in the US.

How do you get it? Contracted during Vaginal intercourse Anal intercourse Oral intercourse

Incubation period 10 days to 3 months Average incubation period is 21 days

Symptoms

First stage Appear 1-12 weeks after sex A painless, reddish-brown sore on the mouth or genitals appear Lasting ______________ Sore goes away but ____________ is still present

Second stage Starts to appear 2-10 weeks after sore appear and lasts 2-6 weeks A __________anywhere on the body _______________ symptoms Rash ad flu-like symptoms disappear, but syphilis is still present

Latent stage No symptoms, but 25% of those infected may have relapse of second stage symptoms May last 10-20 years

Late stage May occur 1-2 years after _________ of infection or 30-40 years later Ulcers or gummas (soft rubbery tumors) form on internal organs _______damage can result in insanity or death in 20% of the people that get to this stage

Diagnosis If sore is present, they obtain a sample of the ________ from the sore for examination. There is also a ____________ test. + test can occur 7 days after sore appears. However the disease can incubate from 10-90 days Diagnosis can also be made by examining the ___________.

Treatment or cure? Can be cured!  Antibiotics Injection orally

What if you don’t get treated? You can give it to your partner(s). A mother with syphilis can give it to her baby during pregnancy. Heart disease, brain damage, blindness and death may result.

HPV Human Papillomavirus

Some facts… The most common sexually transmitted infection (STI). There are more than 100 strains, but 40 HPV types can infect the genital areas of men and women You cannot see HPV. Most people who become infected with HPV do not even know they have it.

Genital HPV is passed on through genital contact, most often during ___________and _________ sex. A person can have HPV even if years have passed since he or she had sex. Most ___________ persons do not realize they are infected or that they are passing the virus to a sex partner.

HPV can cause normal cells on infected skin or _______________ to turn abnormal. Most of the time, you cannot see or feel these cell changes. In some cases, the body ______off HPV naturally and the infected cells then go back to normal.  Sometimes, low-risk types of HPV can cause visible changes that take the form of genital warts.

HPV infection. Genital warts. Cervical cancer. Approximately 20 million Americans are currently ________ with HPV, and another 6.2 million people become newly infected each year. At least 50% of sexually active men and women acquire genital HPV infection at some point in their lives. Genital warts. About 1% of sexually active adults in the U.S. have genital warts at any one time. Cervical cancer. The American Cancer Society estimates that in 2008, 11,070 women will be diagnosed with cervical cancer in the U.S. 

Other HPV-related cancers are much less common than cervical cancer Other HPV-related cancers are much less common than cervical cancer. The American Cancer Society estimates that in 2008, there will be: 3,460 women diagnosed with vulvar cancer; 2,210 women diagnosed with vaginal and other female genital cancers; 1,250 men diagnosed with penile and other male genital cancers; and 3,050 women and 2,020 men diagnosed with anal cancer.

GARDASIL GARDASIL is the only _________________ vaccine that helps protect against 4 types of human papillomavirus (HPV): 2 types that cause 70% of cervical cancer cases 2 more types that cause 90% of genital warts cases. GARDASIL is for girls and young women ages 9 to 26. GARDASIL may not fully protect everyone, and does not prevent all types of cervical cancer, so it’s important to continue routine cervical cancer screenings. GARDASIL does not treat _____________ or genital warts. GARDASIL will not ___________ against diseases caused by other HPV types or against diseases not caused by HPV. GARDASIL is given as 3 injections over 6 months. http://www.gardasil.com/hpv/hpv-types/hpv-transmission/

Genital Warts

                                                                                                                              Illustration copyright 2002 Nucleus Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. http://www.nucleusinc.com

What is it? Cause by the human papilloma virus (HPV) (Types 6 and 11 cause most visible genital warts) It is the fastest growing STI with over 5.5 million new cases each year. Estimates show 20 million Americans have genital warts.

How do you get it? Spread by _______ to ______ contact Or during Oral Intercourse Anal Intercourse Vaginal Intercourse

Incubation period Symptoms usually show up _____ months after having sex It may take even longer with some people

Symptoms Small ______ (warts) sometimes occurring in clusters like cauliflower Warts may go away by themselves, but usually takes several months Are the color of your skin and painless May feel _________ while growing Some HPV infections are asymptomatic and the person can still give it to their partner.

Diagnosis Usually ______________ visually. Can also be diagnosed with a PAP smear. There is no _______ to diagnosis asymptomatic infections. * PAP smears are recommended all sexually active women.

Treatment Involves ___________ of skin cells that contain virus particles. Most common treatment is a mild acid applied to the warts. Removal sometimes takes several treatments over a few months

Treatment More serious warts can be treated by freezing, laser, or surgery. The can recur after they have been removed.

What if you don’t get treated? You can give _________ warts to your sexual partner(s). A mother with warts can ______ it to her baby during childbirth. More warts grow and are _______ to get rid of. HPV is associated with cervical cancer in women.

HERPES

What is it? Herpes Simplex is a ______ estimated to affect 45 million people in the US. There are about 1 million new cases of herpes diagnosed each year.

How do you get it? Spread by skin to skin contact During Anal Vaginal Oral Oral ________ can be spread to the genital regions during oral sex

Incubation Period Symptoms show up 2-30 days after having sex Many HSV infections are without symptoms. Some patients may be __________ for weeks or months before suffering the first episode of herpes lesions

Symptoms- mild to severe Flu-like feelings; swollen lymph nodes in groin Itching or __________ before the blisters appear Small, painful blisters on the sex organs and mouth

Blisters last and average of 10 days Blisters go away, but herpes is still present Blisters may appear again

Diagnosis Clinician swabs some of the fluid and cells from the lesion. Culture is then sent to the lab.

Treatment There is NO cure. Anti-viral pills and ointments will lessen the severity and duration of the first outbreak. May also lesson the severity and duration of outbreaks or prevent outbreaks.

What if you don’t get treated? You can give it to your partner(s). A mother can give it to her _______during childbirth and therefore must have a cesarean section if she has an active lesion at the time of labor.

Gonorrhea

What is it? Caused by the ___________ Neiseria gonorrhoeae It is considered the oldest STI (first reported in 1879) About 650,000 new cases occur each year.

How do you get it? Vaginal intercourse Anal intercourse Oral intercourse

Symptoms Most men and women have NO symptoms!

WOMEN Unusually heavy discharge from the vagina Burning or ______ during urination Bleeding _____________periods Cramps and pain in lower abdomen Sore __________ that doesn’t go away

MEN Thick yellow or white drip from the penis Burning or pain during urination Sore throat that doesn’t go away

Diagnosis A clinician uses a ________ to remove cells from the cervix in women Swab of the ___________ in men. Cultures are sent to the lab.

Treatment Antibiotics by: Injection Orally

What if you don’t get treated? You can give gonorrhea to your sexual partner(s) A more serious __________ can occur, possibly damage to the reproductive organs. Both men and women may no longer be able to have children. A mother can give it to her child during childbirth, causing blindness.

Chlamydia

What is it? Caused by the ____________ Chlamydia trachomatis. Estimated that 2-4 million cases occur annually in the US and it t is most prevalent among young men and women who have multiple partners. Leading cause of preventable infertility and ectopic pregnancy.

How do you get it? Spread during sexual intercourse with someone who has Chlamydia.

Incubation Period If symptoms occur, then they usually show up 1-2 weeks after having sexual intercourse.

Women Unusually heavy ___________ from the vagina Bleeding from the vagina between periods Burning or pain during urination Pain is abdomen (sometimes with fever and nausea)

Men Watery, white drip from the penis Burning or ______ during urination

Diagnosis A clinician uses a _____ to remove cells from the cervix in women Clinician takes a swab of the urethra in men. Culture is then sent to the lab.

Treatment Antibiotics taken orally.

What if you don’t get treated? You can give it to your partner(s). A more serious ____________ can occur, possibly damage to reproductive organs. Both men & women may ___longer be able to bear children. A mother can give it to her _______ during birth, causing blindness.

Symptoms Most women and some men have NO symptoms.

Hepatitis B

What is it? Hepatitis B is an infection of the liver caused by a _________. Most infected people get well, but sometimes hepatitis can lead to _________ cancer and cause death. Estimated 77,000 cases of sexually transmitted hepatitis B occur in the US each year.

How do you get it? The hepatitis B is a virus that lives in body fluids, for example: ___________ Semen Vaginal Fluid ____________ Hepatitis B __________ easily from person to person through these body fluids.

You can get it by… Having vaginal, anal, or oral ______ with someone who has the virus. Sharing needles-ear-piercing, tattoo, and ____________ drug needles can all spread the virus. Being born to a mother who has the virus in her body.

Symptoms Yellow skin/eyes Feeling very tired Fever Loss of appetite Stomach pain Nausea / Vomiting Swollen Glands Joint pain Dark Urine Skin rash Weight loss Liver pain (upper right side of belly)

Diagnosis A simple _________ test can tell if you have hepatitis B now or in the past. Some people have ____ symptoms. Get tested if you think you have been exposed to the virus.

Treatment There is no cure for hepatitis B. There is a ___________ that will protect you from getting it. The vaccination is given in three shots over a 6-month period. If you are ___________to hepatitis B and have not been vaccinated you can get a special shot tight away to help you.

What if you don’t get treated? Some people who get hepatitis B may get well on their own. Others may get _________ but still have the virus in their bodies. So even though they feel fine, they can __________the virus on to others. Sometimes the virus can __________the liver and lead to liver cancer or death.