Operating System Basics Chapter 1 Release 16/07/20 09 powered by dj

Chapter Objectives  Explain concept of Operating system  MS – DOS version and features  Configure DOS  Navigate DOS  Use DOS File Management  Use FORMAT command Release 16/07/20 09 powered by dj

Operating System  All Computers need basic software or platform called Operating system to function.  It is a interface between users, application programs, hardware and system peripherals. Release 16/07/20 09 powered by dj

Two Types of O.S. Network O.S.  It can acts as a server  E.g.  Windows Server 2003  Unix  Linux  Netware Client / Desktop O.S.  It can acts as a client  E.g.  MS – DOS  Windows 95/98  Windows 2000 Professional  Windows XP Professional Release 16/07/20 09 powered by dj

 Group Activity: Ask the students to standup and sit down. Release 16/07/20 09 powered by dj

DOS Version Version and Release DateFeatures MS-DOS 1.0 (Aug '81)Distributed on one floppy; required 8 KB of RAM MS-DOS 1.1 (May '82)Supported 106 KB single-sided and 320 KB double sided disks MS-DOS 2.0 (Mar ' 83)Supported hard disks, directories, background printing and additional device drivers MS-DOS 3.0 (Aug '84)Supported hard disks greater than 10 MB and 1.2 MB floppies MS-DOS 3.1 (Mar '85)Supported networks and file sharing MS-DOS 3.2 (Jan '86)Supported 3.5" floppy disks drives MS-DOS 3.3 (Apr '87)Provided new commands and international support MS-DOS 4.0 (Feb '88)Supported hard disk partitions greater than 32MB; provided the MEM command and DOS shell MS-DOS 5.0 (May '91)Provided extra memory management tools, Help, Undelete, Unformat, added task swapping to DOS Shell MS-DOS 6.0 (Mar '93)MemMaker, multiple boot configurations, Windows utilities: Unformat, Undelete, Virus protection and Backup MS-DOS 6.2 (Oct '93)Provided Scandisk Release 16/07/20 09 powered by dj

Features of DOS  Command Prompt Interface  Text-based interface  Used for file and disk management and program execution  Utility Program  Performs file and system management tasks with help of utilities such as FORMAT, EDIT, MSD and SCANDISK Release 16/07/20 09 powered by dj

Features of DOS  DOS Editor  A text editor application used to perform operation such as Edit that allows to create, edit, save and print text file  Syntax Edit[[drive][path]filename][switches] Release 16/07/20 09 powered by dj

Configuring DOS CONFIG.SYS  BUFFERS  COUNTRY  DEVICE  DEVICEHIGH  DOS  FCBS  FILES  LASTDRIVE  SETVER  SHELL  STACKS  SWITCHES AUTOEXEC.BAT  DOSKEY  ECHO  KEYB  MOUSE  MSCDEX  PATH  PAUSE  PROMPT  SET  SHARE  SMARTDRV Release 16/07/20 09 powered by dj

 Question for group discussion – What does COUNTRY parameter indicate? (2 min)  Question for group discussion – What does KEYB parameter imply? (2 min)  Question for group discussion – What does MSCDEX parameter indicate? (2 min) Release 16/07/20 09 powered by dj

Navigating DOS Directory structure  C:  Root Directory  Windows  Subdirectory  DOS  Files Root Directory normally contains following files  MSDOS.SYS  IO.SYS  COMMAND.COM  AUTOEXEC.BAT  CONFIG.SYS Release 16/07/20 09 powered by dj C:\ DOSWINDOWSTEMP DESKTOPSYSTEM VMM32

Release 16/07/20 09 powered by dj DOS Commands  CD – helps in changing the directory  DIR – Provides the information about files and subdirectories available in directory  TREE – Examines the file structure CommandAction C:\>CD DOSSets current directory to DOS; the prompt changes to C:\DOS\> C:\DOS\>CD..Sets the current directory to one level above C:\DOS\>CD\Changes the current directory to the root CommandAction C:\>DIRList out all the files and sub-directories in the current directory C:\>DIR/ pLists out files and sub-directories in page-by-page format C:\>DIR a:\Lists out files and sub-directories in A: C:\>DIR a*.*Lists out files and subdirectories whose names begin with ‘a’ CommandAction TREEShows the directory structure from the current directory and below TREE |MOREShows the directory structure one page at a time TREE/F | MORE Shows the position of files stored within the directory structure

 Practical Activity: Ask students to perform the DOS command of changing the directory. (5 min)  Practical Activity: Ask students to practice all the options of CD command. (12 min)  Practical Activity: Ask students to perform the DOS command of DIR and TREE. (10 min) Release 16/07/20 09 powered by dj

DOS File Management  COPY – duplicates the files from one directory to another. e.g. C:\>copy tr3.doc C:\trial\tr3.doc C:\copy tr3.doc C:\trial\tr2.txt  MOVE – copies a file from one location to another and delete the same from earlier location e.g. C:\move tr3.doc C:\trial Release 16/07/20 09 powered by dj

 Practical Activity: Ask students to perform the DOS command of COPY and MOVE. (5 min) Release 16/07/20 09 powered by dj

DOS File Management  XCOPY – copies the content of more than one directory at a time. e.g. C:\>xcopy c:\trial c:/r ParametersApplication /ACopies only those files with archive file attribute /MSame as /A but turns off archive attribute after copying /D:DATECopies files modified on or after the specified date /PPrompts for confirmation before every destination file is created /SCopies contents of subdirectories unless they are empty /ECopies contents of subdirectories even if they are empty /VVerifies each file as it is written to the destination /WPrompts for continuation before copying files Release 16/07/20 09 powered by dj

 Practical Activity: Ask students to demonstrate XCOPY command. (4 min) Release 16/07/20 09 powered by dj

DOS File Management  REN – renames a file e.g. C:\>ren *.doc *.txt C:\>ren tr3.doc tr2.doc  DEL – deletes a file e.g. C:\>del *.txt  MD – creates directory under a root or subdirectory e.g. C:\>md trial  RD – removes a subdirectory (empty directory) e.g. C:\>rd trial Release 16/07/20 09 powered by dj

 Practical Activity: Ask students to perform the DOS command of REN, DEL, MD and RD. (10 min) Release 16/07/20 09 powered by dj

DOS File Management  ATTRIB – specifies the attribute of file e.g. To view Attributes C:\>ATTRIB To set Attributes C:\ATTRIB +r trial.doc AttributeAction Read only (R) File can be accessed by any program but it cannot be modified or deleted Archive (A) The file has changed since it was last archived using the BACKUP or XCOPY utilities Hidden (H) The file is hidden and can not be seen when a normal directory listing is done using DIR System (S) The file is used by DOS and should not be edited or deleted by users. Release 16/07/20 09 powered by dj

DOS File Management  FORMAT – formats a disk e.g. C:\>FORMAT driveletter :/switches SwitchDescription /sTransfer the system files and make it bootable /qQuick format that saves time by skipping the surface scan procedure for error checking /uAn unconditional format that reformats a disk and does not save the information required for it to be unformatted later Release 16/07/20 09 powered by dj

 Practical Activity: Ask students to perform the DOS command of ATTRIB and FORMAT. (10 min) Release 16/07/20 09 powered by dj

Summary - I  All computers need basic software known as an Operating System (OS) to function. The OS acts as an interface between the user, application programs, hardware, and system peripherals  Operating systems can be of two types: Network operating systems (NOS) and simple stand alone desktop O.S. i.e. Client O.S.  DOS provides a text-based interface called the command prompt that can be issued to perform file and disk management, and execute programs. Release 16/07/20 09 powered by dj

Summary - II  DOS provides a number of utility programs (files with.EXE and.COM extensions in the C:\DOS\ directory) to achieve various file and system management tasks.  There are two configuration files in DOS:  CONFIG.SYS  AUTOEXEC.BAT  CONFIG.SYS file has commands and instructions used for loading device drivers and memory managers, and also or configuring system settings. Release 16/07/20 09 powered by dj

Summary - III  AUTOEXEC.SYS file contains a list of DOS commands that must be executed immediately after boot-up.  The top most level of every disk or drive is called a Root directory. It can contain files and sub-directories under it and further sub- directories contain files and sub-directories.  The DOS commands like COPY, MOVE, XCOPY, REN, DEL, MD, RD etc. are used for file management. Release 16/07/20 09 powered by dj