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Contributes to every dimension of wellness. Defining Psychological Health Positively (presence of wellness) Negatively ( absence of sickness) 2

© 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Abraham Maslows Toward a Psychology of Being (1960s) Self-Actualization Positive definition Ambitious outlook that encourages us to fulfill our own potential. Hierarchy of needs Studied very successful people (Self-actualization) Abraham Lincoln, Henry David Thoreau, Ludwig van Beethoven, Eleanor Roosevelt, and Albert Einstein Realism Acceptance Self-concept Self-esteem Autonomy Inner-directed Other-directed Authenticity Intimacy Creativity 3

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Not the same as psychological normality. Mentally normal simply means being close to average Psychological diversity Range of ideas, lifestyles and attitudes Mentally ill versus Mentally healthy 5

© 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Growing Up Psychologically Developing Adult identity Developing Intimacy Developing Values and Purpose 6

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Developing a Positive Self-Concept Begins in childhood Integration Stability Meeting Challenges to Self-Esteem Challenge is your self-concept Acknowledge that something has gone wrong Notice your patterns of thinking Develop realistic self-talk Being less defensive Being optimistic 8

© 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Maintaining honest communication Assertiveness training Dealing with loneliness Dealing with anger Managing your own anger Dealing with anger in other people 9

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© 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Anxiety Disorders Simple phobia or Specific phobia Fear of something definite Most common and most understandable Social phobia 15 million Americans Fear of humiliation or embarrassment while being observed by others Panic disorders Sudden unexpected surges in anxiety Rapid and strong heart beat Shortness of breath Loss of physical equilibrium Feeling of losing mental control Agoraphobia 11

© 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) Reaction to future threats is to worry Worries have taken over Obsessive-Compulsive disorder (OCD) Obsessions – recurrent, unwanted thoughts Compulsions – repetitive, difficult-to-resist actions Post-Traumatic Stress disorder (PTSD) Reaction to a severely traumatic event Treatment for anxiety disorders Medication Psychological interventions Cognitive-behavioral 12

© 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Depression Demoralization Feeling of sadness and hopelessness Loss of pleasure Poor appetite Insomnia Restlessness Thoughts of worthlessness Trouble concentrating Thoughts of death or suicide Dysthymic disorder Symptoms for longer than 2 years Suicide Warning signs Men have a higher incidence than women Treatment Electroconvulsive therapy Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) 13

© 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Expressing the wish to be dead Increasing social withdrawal/isolation Sudden inexplicable lightening of mood Previous history of attempts Suicide by a family member or friend Readily available means of committing suicide History of substance abuse or eating disorders Serious medical problems 14

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© 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Mania and Bipolar Disorder Gender differences Equal numbers of men and women suffer, women are nearly twice as likely as men to be clinically depressed Schizophrenia Uncertain about what causes it General characteristics Disorganized thoughts Inappropriate emotions Delusions Auditory hallucinations Deteriorating social and work function 16

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© 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Four Different perspectives 1. Biological pharmacological therapy 1.Antidepressants 2.Mood stabilizers 3.Antipsychotics 4.Anxiolytics and hypnotics (sleeping pills) 5.Stimulants (Ritilin, ADHA) 6.Anti-dementia 2. Behavioral Stimulus, response, and reinforcement Practice exposure 3. Cognitive Ideas, attitudes, behaviors and feelings 4. Psychodynamic Thoughts Evaluation of the models Combining different therapies 18

© 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Self Help Books Writing a journal Religious Social groups Peer counseling and support groups Professional Determine the need Choosing a mental health professional Psychiatrists Clinical psychologists Social workers Licensed Counselors Clergy Treatment Team 19

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