 Collect take-home quiz  Bozo Buckets  Motivation background notes  Homework: Reading Quiz  WEDNESDAY  Exam #4  FRIDAY  AP Test Countdown  35 days! (24 school days)

 In front of you will be five targets. Each is placed an increasing distance from where you are standing. You have THREE beanbags to toss at the target of your choice.

 If you hit target #1: Earn 2 points  Target #2: Earn 4 points  Target #3: Earn 8 points  Target #4: Earn 16 points  Target #5: Earn 32 points

 n-Ach: Need for achievement  Desire to overcome obstacles and to meet high standards of excellence  David McClelland (yellow sheet) argues that if you have HIGH n-Ach, you will shoot for the third or fourth bucket  Why?

 LOW n-Ach: Select “sure” things AND/OR impossible goals  HIGH n-Ach: Avoid goals that are too easy, but also know limits  Very INTRINSICALLY motivated  Ask yourself: Why are you in the class?  Contributes to the four types of motivation discussed in this chapter

 All processes involved in starting, directing, and maintaining physical and psychological activities  Types of motivation:  Hunger  Sexual  Social  Work

 Why are we motivated to behave a certain way?  Example:  Are you motivated to consume a Bacon-ator when you are starving in the same way you are motivated to do well in high school and receive college scholarships?

 Drive Reduction Theory  What is it?  Motivation comes from our desires to reduce internal drives by meeting our needs  Physiological needs  Food, water, sleep, etc.  Internal drives  Hunger, thirst, exhaustion, etc.

 Optimum Arousal Theory  What is it?  People feel motivated to maintain a certain level of arousal, despite a lack of physical drives to do so  Examples: Riding a roller coaster, seeing people after being along all day, attending a concert

 Yerkes-Dodson Law (aka “The Inverted U”)  Low and high levels of arousal produce lower performance than moderate arousal

 Incentive Theory  What is it?  Motivation is the combination of factors that push us towards something or pull us away from pursuing something  Examples  Detentions and extra credit are used to motivate behavior  Runners run to either beat their own times or to beat other runners

 Instinct Theory  What is it?  Automatic innate responses to certain environmental experiences  Examples  Geese fly south for the winter (response) when the weather becomes cold (environment)  Babies search for food (response) when something touches their face (environment)

 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs  What is it?  Abraham Maslow’s argument that we are motivated to achieve certain basic needs before pursuing higher psychological needs  Example  People do not want to work on their marriage problems when they are starving and homeless