The Jeffersonian Era Chapter 7

Rise of Cultural Nationalism Embraced and strayed from Republican ideals Adopted many Federalist procedures Cities, Industry, and Commerce grew Religious revivals expanded Culture exhibited a vigorous nationalism Embraced idea of public education By 1815 – no state had a comprehensive system South had private schools sponsored by religious groups North had private secular schools

Rise of Cultural Nationalism Republican Motherhood Made education for females more accessible Little desire to education African or Native Americans Higher Education Limited to classics and religious training Professional training had little support Cultural Independence Noah Webster – American Spelling Book and Dictionary New American literary endeavors Washington Irving, Mercy Otis Warren, Parson Weems

Rise of Cultural Nationalism Commitment to Church Institutions Weakened by Revolution Still had strong religious convictions Deism Evangelical movements increased Cane Ridge, Kentucky - 1st Camp Meeting Women played a vital role in revivals In some areas African Americans were also admitted Gabriel Prosser's slave rebellion Inspired by camp meeting and discussion of egalitarianism Revivals for Native Americans Created a movement to defend native lands and traditions and rejecting the “white man's ways” By 1801 evangelicalism eclipsed the influence of rational theology and became the national religious characteristic

Stirrings of Industrialism America was moving slowly in direction of an urban industrial society Samuel Slater Despite attempts by British to keep industrial secrets in country, Slater founded a spinning mill in R.I. Eli Whitney Cotton Gin Interchangable Parts Effect on agriculture/slavery Effect on New England's textile industry Transportation System Robert Fulton – perfected the steamboat engine Private companies built turnpikes Longer roads supported by federal and state governments Cities grew and became centers of commerce, education, and affluence

Jefferson, as President Goals in Office Tried to reconcile Federalists and Republicans Stressed Republican simplicity Did not take out all Federalist policies Used his party and presidential powers to strengthen republican ideals Successes Reversing the Federalist trend of a large central government Repealed the whiskey tax, reduced government spending, retired half the national debt, reduced the size of the army and navy Stopped paying Barbary Pirates tribute The Judiciary Marbury v. Madison Judicial Review John Marshall

Doubling the Size of the Nation Napoleon and his empire Regained control of Louisiana from Spain Spain closed port of New Orleans Robert Livingston instructed to purchase New Orleans Napoleon's troops being decimated by disease while putting down rebellion on Santo Domingo by Tousaint L'Overture Offered to sell whole territory Jefferson questioned his ability to purchase because it was not specifically given to him as a power in the Constitution Decided his treaty powers allowed him to purchase $15 Million purchase price The territory Doubled the size of the US Lewis and Clark Expedition Zebulon Pike

Expansion and War Napoleonic Wars and conflicts with Native Americans combined to produce War of 1812 Continental System Orders in Council England's Impressment policy Leapord/Chesapeake Affair Embargo on trade with all nations James Madison becomes president Madison modified the embargo Napoleon's manipulation led to US stopping trade with Great Britain only

Expansion and War Competition for western lands set stage for conflict with Native Americans Native Americans looked to British for assistance Prophet and Tecumseh William Henry Harrison Battle of Tippecanoe Expansionists Northern expansionists wanted to annex Canada Southern expansionists wanted to annex Florida Election of 1810 – Many War Hawks won election to Congress Henry Clay John C. Calhoun

War of 1812 English were engaged in war in Europe, did not fight in America until 1813 American attempts at takeover Invasion of Canada – Repulsed Early Naval Victories Burned Toronto Gained control of Lakes Ontario and Erie Oliver Hazzard Perry defeated British Fleet Florida Andrew Jackson defeated Creek tribe at Battle of Horseshoe Bend Creek cede land to US Went on to take over other parts of Florida

War of 1812 British blockade Invaded US after 1814 surrender of Napoleon British burned public buildings in Washington DC Bombarded Ft. McHenry Francis Scott Key Star Spangled Banner Andrew Jackson defeated British troops at the Battle of New Orleans (after peace treaty was signed) Opposition to war Especially from Federalists in New England Federalists convened the Hartford Convention in 1814 Proposed amendments to protect New England Interests Also hinted at secession Victory in New Orleans and the peace treaty discredited Federalists

War of 1812 Treaty of Ghent (1814) Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817) Ended the fighting Britain granted American commercial privileges in the Empire Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817) Disarmed the Great Lakes War was another blow to Native American resistance of white expansion