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TYPES OF ADVERTISEMENTS PRODUCT ADVERTISEMENTS LO1 Advertising Advertising Pioneering (or Informational) Competitive (or Persuasive) Reminder Product Advertisements Product Advertisements Comparative Reinforcement 19-2
TYPES OF ADVERTISEMENTS INSTITUTIONAL ADVERTISEMENTS LO1 Institutional Advertisements Institutional Advertisements Advocacy Pioneering Institutional Competitive Institutional Reminder Institutional 19-3
DEVELOPING THE ADVERTISING PROGRAM LO2 Identifying the Target Audience Specifying the Advertising Objectives Setting the Advertising Budget 19-4
DEVELOPING THE ADVERTISING PROGRAM DESIGNING THE ADVERTISEMENT LO2 Message Content Informational Element Persuasive Element Types of Appeals Fear Appeals Sex Appeals Humorous Appeals 19-5
DEVELOPING THE ADVERTISING PROGRAM DESIGNING THE ADVERTISEMENT LO2 Creating the Actual Message Celebrity Spokespeople Ideas and Artwork Cost 19-6
DEVELOPING THE ADVERTISING PROGRAM SELECTING THE RIGHT MEDIA LO2 Advertising Media Maximize Exposure Minimize Costs Media Planning Goals 19-7
DEVELOPING THE ADVERTISING PROGRAM SELECTING THE RIGHT MEDIA LO2 Basic Terms Reach Rating Frequency Gross Rating Points (GRPs) Cost per Thousand (CPM) = Reach × Frequency 19-8
FIGURE 19-3 FIGURE 19-3 Advertisers must consider the advantages and disadvantages of the many media alternatives 19-9
DEVELOPING THE ADVERTISING PROGRAM SCHEDULING THE ADVERTISING LO3 Factors to Consider Buyer Turnover Forgetting Rate Purchase Frequency 19-10
DEVELOPING THE ADVERTISING PROGRAM SCHEDULING THE ADVERTISING LO3 Approaches Continuous (Steady) Schedule Pulse (Burst) Schedule Flighting (Intermittent) Schedule 19-11
EXECUTING THE ADVERTISING PROGRAM PRETESTING THE ADVERTISING LO3 Pretests Pretests Portfolio Tests Theater Tests Jury Tests 19-12
FIGURE 19-5 FIGURE 19-5 Alternative structures of advertising agencies used to carry out the advertising program 19-13
FIGURE 19-6 FIGURE 19-6 Sales promotions can be used to achieve many objectives 19-14
SALES PROMOTION CONSUMER-ORIENTED SALES PROMOTION LO4 Consumer-Oriented Sales Promotion Consumer-Oriented Sales Promotion Coupons 19-15
SALES PROMOTION CONSUMER-ORIENTED SALES PROMOTION LO4 Deals 19-16
SALES PROMOTION CONSUMER-ORIENTED SALES PROMOTION LO4 Premiums Self-Liquidating 19-17
SALES PROMOTION CONSUMER-ORIENTED SALES PROMOTION Contests LO
SALES PROMOTION CONSUMER-ORIENTED SALES PROMOTION Sweepstakes Value-Based Experience-Based LO
SALES PROMOTION CONSUMER-ORIENTED SALES PROMOTION Samples LO
SALES PROMOTION CONSUMER-ORIENTED SALES PROMOTION Loyalty Programs LO
SALES PROMOTION CONSUMER-ORIENTED SALES PROMOTION Point-of-Purchase Displays LO
SALES PROMOTION CONSUMER-ORIENTED SALES PROMOTION Rebates LO
SALES PROMOTION CONSUMER-ORIENTED SALES PROMOTION Product Placement Product Placement LO
SALES PROMOTION TRADE-ORIENTED SALES PROMOTION LO4 Trade-Oriented Sales Promotion Trade-Oriented Sales Promotion Allowances and Discounts Merchandise Allowance Finance Allowance Case Allowance Free Goods Floor Stock Protection Freight Allowance 19-25
SALES PROMOTION TRADE-ORIENTED SALES PROMOTION LO4 Cooperative Advertising Cooperative Advertising Training of Distributors’ Salesforces 19-26