Experimental Chemistry

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Measurements in Chemistry

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Presentation transcript:

Experimental Chemistry Measurements in Chemistry

Measurements in Chemistry Four basic physical quantities measured in Chemistry experiments: Volume Temperature Time Mass

Measurement: Volume of Liquids The apparatus used depends on: the volume being measured how accurate the measurement needs to be Common apparatus: Measuring cylinder Burette Pipette Beaker** Conical flask**

Measurement: Volume of Liquids Measuring cylinder Only used for measuring approximate volume Accurate only to the nearest 1 cm3

Measurement: Volume of Liquids Bulb pipette Measures out precise volumes EXACTLY 20.0 cm3, 25.0 cm3 or 50.0 cm3 Used with a pipette filler

Measurement: Volume of Liquids Burette Long scale: 0 cm3 to 50 cm3 Each graduation is 0.1 cm3 Accurate up to 0.05 cm3

Physical quantity to be measured Other Measurements Physical quantity to be measured Apparatus volume of gases gas syringe Measures up to 100 cm3 temperature thermometer Accuracy to 0.5°C time digital stopwatch Measures to nearest second mass of substance electronic balance Measures to nearest 0.01 g

Apparatus for Chemistry Experiments Water bath: Heating flammable liquid

Apparatus for Chemistry Experiments: Rates of reaction Change in mass

Apparatus for Chemistry Experiments: Rates of reaction Collecting and measuring a volume of gas Conical flask VS test tube

Collection of Gases Methods depends on the physical properties of the gas the solubility of the gas in water the density of the gas compared to air

Collection of Gases: Solubility & Density of Common Gases Solubility in water Density compared to air ammonia extremely soluble less dense carbon dioxide slightly soluble denser chlorine soluble hydrogen not soluble oxygen very slightly soluble slightly denser sulfur dioxide very soluble

Collection of Gases: Dry Samples Dry samples can be obtained by passing the gas through a drying agent. Common drying agents: concentrated sulfuric acid [✗ ammonia] quicklime (calcium oxide) [✓ ammonia] Fused calcium chloride

Concentrated Sulfuric acid

Quicklime & Fused Calcium Chloride

Data Logging