3-D + Medical Imaging Neb Duric 3-D ESO workshopJune 12, 2008

Medical Imaging Cross-sectional views in the fundamental planes. CoronalSagittal Transverse Visible Human Project

Tomographic Imaging Common devices –Magnetic Resonance Imaging –X-ray Computed Tomography –Positron Emission Tomography –Ultrasound Tomography Common applications –Screening –Diagnosis –Therapy guidance –Treatment monitoring

Image Cubes CT Scans of Chest

Projections of Image Cube coronalsagittaltransverse

Volume Imaging Kai Uwe Barthel (k.barthel at fhtw-berlin.de) Internationale Medieninformatik Berlin, Germany

3D imaging Transparency, Depth Cueing

Characterization

3-D + Characterization Fusion Imaging Pretreatment6 h post24 h post18 d post Functional Imaging MRI

Visualizing Risk PET/CT Functional Imaging

Lung Plaque Segmentation

Confidential Acoustic Tomography

The Team Neb Duric 1,2, Ph.D., Peter Littrup 1,2, M.D., Cuiping Li 1,2, Ph. D., Carri Glide 1,2, Ph.D., Lisa Bey-Knight 1,2, R.N., Yang Xu 1,2, Ph.D., Steve Schmidt 1,2, Olsi Rama 1,2, Jason Shen 1,2, PhD., Anthony Shields, M.D., Ph.D., Ding Wang, M.D., Ph.D., Lou Poulo 3, M.Sc., Terry Kling 4, Alex Babkin 5, Ph.D., Roman Pevzner 5, Ph.D., Lianjie Huang 6, Ph.D., Francesco Simonetti 7, Ph.D., Ivana Jovanovic 8, Ph.D., Nicole Ruiter 9, Ph.D., Frank Natterer 10, Ph.D. 1 Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 2 Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 3 Analogic Corp, Boston, MA 4 Sound Technology, State College, PA 5 Groupvelocity LLC, Albuquerque, NM 6 Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 7 Imperial College, London, England 8 Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Switzerland 9 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany 10 University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany

Prototype Scanner Imaging Tank and Ring Array  In plane resolution: 0.5 – 2 mm  Out of plane resolution: 4 mm  2 MHz operating frequency Duric et al, Medical Physics Vol 34 (2), pp , 2007

Scan Method ReflectionSound SpeedAttenuation

Thresholding and Segmentation + = + = = ReflectionSound SpeedAttenuation ReflectionSound SpeedAttenuation Fusion

Volumetric 3-D / 4-D + Imaging Operator independent imaging of entire breast volume. No compression or ionization. Exam time < 1 minute. Y Z X Time

Results Chemotherapy patients Reflection image Attenuation (blue) and sound speed (red) added Sound speed added (red) Strong sound speed enhancement Strong attenuation

4-D Imaging of Tumor

Results Quantifying Breast Cancer Risk Santen, R J, Mansel, R. Benign breast disorders. N Engl J Med, (3): p Known correlation between breast density and cancer risk Currently measured by mammography

Our approach Thresholding and clustering Sound Speed Tomogram Segmented MammogramSegmented Ultrasound Percent Density (USPD) Our study has established equivalence of sound speed and mammographic density  potential for ultrasonic measure of breast density Glide, C., Duric, N., Littrup, P. A Novel Approach to Evaluating Breast Density Utilizing Ultrasound Tomography. Medical Physics. Vol. 34 (2), pp Feb Potential Application: Chemoprevention and risk screening

Summary Similarities and Differences MedicalAstronomical Near FieldFar Field InteractivePassive Super-resolution*Diffraction limited Structure noiseThermal noise ScreeningSurveys DiagnosticTargeted Imaging CharacterizationSpectral analysis Functional Kinematical ROC analysis????? *Simonetti, Huang, Duric, Rama. Imaging beyond the Born approximation: An experimental investigation with an ultrasonic ring array. Physical Review E 76, (2007)

NGC 5055 Astronomical style Medical style Walter and Leroy

Acknowledgments We acknowledge support from following grants: –Sponsor: NCI - Avon, –Improvements in Ultrasound Tomography for Characterization of Breast Masses: Duration: 12/06 – 11//07 –Sponsor: MEDC –Clinical Validation of CURE: A Novel Technology for Improved Breast Cancer Diagnosis: Duration: 02/07 – 05/09 –Komen Foundation grant. –Sound Speed as a Possible Predictor of Breast Cancer Risk.: Duration: 09/07-08/09. –Sponsor: Susan G. Komen foundation Further reading: Duric, N., Littrup, P., Poulo, L., Babkin, A., Pevzner, R., Holsapple, E., Rama, O., Glide, C. Detection of Breast Cancer With Ultrasound Tomography: First Results with the Computerized Ultrasound Risk Evaluation (C.U.R.E) Prototype. Medical Physics Vol 34 (2), pp Feb 2007.

Structure noise and filtering Measures Fibrous Stroma And Glandular tissue Glandular Tissue defined largely by non-specular reflections Fibrous Stroma defined by specular reflections Reflection Image