 Nationalism: pride / love for one’s country  Nationalism fueled by pride in rapid settlement > some controversy  Missouri Compromise (1820)  Missouri: Slave state  Maine: Free state  *Balance between free & slave states  No slavery in northern part of Louisiana Territory  Sectionalism: one’s section / region is more important than the whole

 Second Great Awakening  Religious revival in 1820s & 30s  Similar to First Great Awakening (1700s)  Reform Era  Temperance: no alcohol  Education: needed to make citizens  Prison: Dix wanted standard care

 Religion  Allowed women to participate  Worked to improve society  Seneca Falls Convention (1848)  *1 st women’s rights convention in U.S.  Women not allowed to vote; restricted rights  Led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton  *Marked beginning of modern women’s movement

 Abolition  Movement to end slavery  Antislavery Efforts  Revolts (Nat Turner)  Underground Railroad (Harriet Tubman)  Frederick Douglass  Leading abolitionist  Wrote Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass  Supported women’s equality

Manifest Destiny - America’s belief that it was their God-given right to settle land in North America - From Atlantic to Pacific Oceans

 Bear Flag Revolt  CA citizens revolted against Mexico in Mexican- American War  Republic of CA 1846  1848  Gold rush  1849  Thousands migrate to CA (Forty-niners)  1850  Population boom > 31 st state

UTAHOREGON  Mormon Trail  Utah territory (Great Salt Lake)   Joseph Smith  Founder of Later Day Saints  Murdered  Brigham Young  Looking for peace to practice religion  Led both gov’t & church  Pres. James Polk  Wanted Oregon; pro expansion  Disputed 54 40’  Oregon Treaty  British gain control of fur ports in War of 1812  49 parallel = boundary  Wars in Texas & Mexico  Oregon Trail

 Stephen Austin  1823 established colony  1830: 30,000 settlers  Included enslaved African Americans & 4,000 Tejanos  Texas Revolution  Texans want independence from Mexico  Mexican demands not enforced > Mexican gov’t decrease independence of Texans  New Pres. of Mexico Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana suspended some powers  March 2, 1836 Texas declared independence

 *Most famous battle of Texas Revolution  187 Texans v. 5,000 Mexicans  General Santa Ana bombarded Texans for 12 days  All 187 died  To Santa Ana…  Alamo = symbol of Texas defiance  To Texans…  Alamo = symbol of independence & liberty

 “Remember the Alamo”  April 21, 1836 Battle of San Jacinto  Gen. Santa Ana captured & forced to sign treaty recognizing Texan independence  Not recognized by Mexico because signed under distress  Sam Houston  President of Republic of Texas  Wanted to join Union  U.S. reactions mixed (debt, slavery, manifest destiny)  Pres. Polk  Texas annexation issue in election of 1844  Pro-annexation  Texas became a state Dec. 29, 1845

CAUSESEFFECTS  Annexation of Texas  Mexico broke diplomatic relations  Boundary dispute  Rio Grande river + $30 million = proposal but Mexicans refused to meet  Manifest destiny & expansion  Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo (1848)  Mexican Cession  Mexico no claim to Texas  Gave up New Mexico, CA, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, Colorado, Wyoming  Gadsen Purchase (1853)  US paid $15 million for land