Major Events during the First Half of the Nineteenth Century

Who was the first president of the United States? George WashingtonGeorge Washington

Define political party. A group of people with similar beliefs about how to run the government.

What were the first two political parties? FederalistsFederalists Democratic-Republicans ( also called simply Republicans)Democratic-Republicans ( also called simply Republicans)

Who led the Federalists? Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton John AdamsJohn Adams

What were the beliefs of the Federalists? Strong national governmentStrong national government Industrial economy (factories or manufacturing)Industrial economy (factories or manufacturing)

What groups supported the Federalists? BankersBankers BusinessmenBusinessmen

What part of the country gave the Federalists their strongest support? Northeast (New England)Northeast (New England)

Who led the Republicans? Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson James MadisonJames Madison

What were the beliefs of the Democratic- Republicans? Weak national governmentWeak national government Strong state governmentsStrong state governments Agricultural economy (farming)Agricultural economy (farming)

What region gave the strongest support to the Democratic-Republicans? The SouthThe South

What groups supported the Democratic-Republicans? FarmersFarmers Artisans (Skilled Craftsmen)Artisans (Skilled Craftsmen) Frontier SettlersFrontier Settlers

Who was elected president in 1800? Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson

What president bought the Louisiana Territory? Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson

From what country did the United States purchase the Louisiana Territory? FranceFrance

How did the Louisiana Territory affect the size of the United States? Doubled itDoubled it

Who did President Jefferson send to explore the Louisiana Territory? Lewis and ClarkLewis and Clark

Where did the Louisiana Territory lie? West of the Mississippi RiverWest of the Mississippi River

Who was the guide for the Lewis and Clark Expedition? SacajaweaSacajawea

What war lasted from 1812 to 1815? The War of 1812The War of 1812

What two countries fought the War of 1812? The United StatesThe United States Great BritainGreat Britain

What territory did the United States claim after the War of 1812? The Oregon TerritoryThe Oregon Territory

What territory did the United States acquire in 1819? FloridaFlorida

From what country did the United States acquire Florida? SpainSpain

Who served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court during the first 30 years of the 19th century? John MarshallJohn Marshall

To what political party did John Marshall belong? The FederalistsThe Federalists

Why were the Marshall court’s decisions important? Made the federal courts a co-equal branch of the United States governmentMade the federal courts a co-equal branch of the United States government

How did the Supreme Court rule in Marbury v. Madison? Declared a federal law unconstitutionalDeclared a federal law unconstitutional

What is the power of judicial review? A court’s power to declare a law unconstitutionalA court’s power to declare a law unconstitutional

What is the Supreme Court’s main check on the power of Congress? Judicial ReviewJudicial Review

How did the Marshall court rule in McCulloch v. Maryland? Forbid the states from taxing agencies of the federal governmentForbid the states from taxing agencies of the federal government Declared a Maryland state law unconstitutionalDeclared a Maryland state law unconstitutional

Who said “the power to tax is the power to destroy”? John MarshallJohn Marshall

Why was McCulloch v. Maryland important? Established the power of the federal government over the statesEstablished the power of the federal government over the states Strengthened the federal courts’ power of judicial reviewStrengthened the federal courts’ power of judicial review

What issue did the Monroe Doctrine involve? Foreign PolicyForeign Policy

What set forth the basic principles of American foreign policy from 1823 until the end of the 19th century? The Monroe DoctrineThe Monroe Doctrine

What were the 4 points of the Monroe Doctrine?

No more European colonies in the AmericasNo more European colonies in the Americas Countries in Western Hemisphere were republics; countries in Europe were monarchiesCountries in Western Hemisphere were republics; countries in Europe were monarchies If European countries threatened any country in Americas, then they threatened the United StatesIf European countries threatened any country in Americas, then they threatened the United States U.S. would stay out of European affairsU.S. would stay out of European affairs

What continents are in the Western Hemisphere? North AmericaNorth America South AmericaSouth America

What is a republic? A Representative DemocracyA Representative Democracy The People elect representatives to make the lawsThe People elect representatives to make the laws

Who rules in monarchies? Kings and QueensKings and Queens

What was the most important point of the Monroe Doctrine? European countries should stay out of the affairs of the Western HemisphereEuropean countries should stay out of the affairs of the Western Hemisphere

What precedent did the Monroe Doctrine set for American presidents ? American presidents would consider it a threat to the United States, if European countries meddled with countries in the Western HemisphereAmerican presidents would consider it a threat to the United States, if European countries meddled with countries in the Western Hemisphere

What were two trends in American life during the first half of the 19th century? Westward MovementWestward Movement Economic DevelopmentEconomic Development

What type of economy developed in the North during the first half of the 19th century? An Industrial EconomyAn Industrial Economy

What two transportation improvements encouraged westward movement and economic development? CanalsCanals RailroadsRailroads

Who invented the cotton gin? Eli WhitneyEli Whitney

What did the cotton gin do? Separated cotton seeds from the cotton fiberSeparated cotton seeds from the cotton fiber

What did the cotton gin cause to spread throughout the Deep South? The “Cotton Kingdom” based on African-American slaveryThe “Cotton Kingdom” based on African-American slavery

Did the cotton gin increase or decrease the demand for slaves? IncreasedIncreased

What resulted from American immigration into Texas? An armed revolt against Mexican rule

What happened at the Battle of the Alamo? The Mexican army killed all the Texans.

What later happened when the Texans defeated the Mexican army? Texas gained its independence.

What action did the U.S. eventually take in regard to Texas? Annexed Texas Added Texas to the U.S.

What idea provided political support for territorial expansion? Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny

What was Manifest Destiny? The belief that it was God’s will for the United States to stretch from the Atlantic to the Pacific OceanThe belief that it was God’s will for the United States to stretch from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean

What war lasted from 1846 to 1848? The Mexican WarThe Mexican War

What two countries fought in the Mexican War? The United StatesThe United States MexicoMexico

Who won the Mexican War? The United StatesThe United States

What was the Mexican Cession? The territory the United States got from Mexico at the end of the Mexican WarThe territory the United States got from Mexico at the end of the Mexican War

What present-day states were part of the Mexican Cession?

CaliforniaCalifornia NevadaNevada UtahUtah ArizonaArizona part of Coloradopart of Colorado part of New Mexicopart of New Mexico