GUIDED BY- Mr. Bipin Saxena PRESENTED BY – Giri Pankajkumar Shyamkant ENR. NO Patel Harsh Mukesh bhai ENR. NO Sevak jigar Ketanbhai ENR. NO ELEMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

CONTENTS Nuclear from fossil fuel Nuclear from fossil fuel Hydraulic or Water Energy Hydraulic or Water Energy Solar Energy Solar Energy Wind Energy Wind Energy

Nuclear from fossil fuel Nuclear energy or atomic energy is recent development. Nuclear energy is the world’s largest source of emission free energy. Heat energy produced by the fission or fusion of atoms may be used to produce shaft power by heat engines. In fission, The nuclei of uranium or plutonium atoms are split with the release of energy. In fusion, energy is released when small nuclei combine or fuse. The fission process is used in all nuclear power plants, because fusion can not be controlled. The tremendous amount of heat energy is liberated by fission of nuclear disintegration of nuclear fuel (Uranium and other similar fissionable materials.)

Nuclear from fossil fuel Nuclear from fossil fuel

It is estimated that 1 kg of nuclear fuel is equivalent to about 2.5x106 Kg of coal. The heat energy so liberated in atomic reactor is extracted by pumping field or molten metal like liquid sodium or gas is thought the pipe. The heated metal or gas is then allowed to exchanged its heat to the heat exchanger the gas is heated or steam is generated which is utilized to drive gas or steam turbines coupled to alternators thereby generating electrical energy The future of nuclear power is very bright as the reserves fossil fuel is fast depleting and hydro power has also a fixed limit up to which can be exploited. However main disadvantages of nuclear power plant are high investment and the fission byproducts are generally radioactive which may cause a dangerous amount of radio active pollution.

Hydraulic or Water Energy This is another useful source of energy. Water stored at high elevation or artificial high level water reservoir contains potential energy gets converted to kinetic energy. Used Water at pressure (water head) or flowing with a high velocity or both can be used to run hydraulic turbines or water wheels coupled to generators and therefore generation of electric power. The water head is created by constructing a dam across a river or lake.

Hydraulic or Water Energy

This method of generation of electric power is becoming more and more popular as it is reliable, requires very less maintenance and operating costs, and it is very neat and clean plant because no smoke or ash is produced. However it requires large investment cost for dam and reservoir.

Solar Energy Sun is the primary source of energy. The energy results from the nuclear reactions which are taking place within the mass of sun. The energy radiated by the sun is in from of electromagnetic waves which include the heat, light and lot of ultraviolet radiations. Solar energy reaching the earth in tropical zones is about 1 kW/m2 PER day. In countries within 3200 km of equator, use of such energy can be economically significant. Solar energy is available in abundance in the Indian subcontinent. For ten months of the year, six to eight hours a day, much of India n receives high intensity fairly uniform sunshine.

Solar System

The radiated heat energy by the sun can be utilized for both domestic and commercial purpose such as water heating, water distillation, refrigeration, drying, power generation etc. Solar energy is collected in a device called solar energy collectors. The solar radiation energy is then transferred to a fluid passing in contact with it.

Wind Energy Wind energy is another potential source of energy. Wind is the motion of air caused by pressure different of air due to uneven heating of earth surface by sun and rotation of the earth. Wind energy can be utilized in wind turbines which produced mechanical energy and coupled with electrical generator. It is also utilized to run water pump at remote place where electricity is not available. The main advantage of the source of energy is that it is plentiful, inexhaustible, non-polluting and it does not require any operator.

Wind Energy system

It also does not require any maintenance and repairs for long intervals. However, this source of energy is unreliable since the production of electrical energy depends largely upon the velocity of the wind. Wind resources in India are tremendous generation of electrical energy will prove economical at a number places. They are mainly located near the sea coasts. Today, the total number of wind turbine generators in operation in India is more than 7500 with a total installed capacity of about 2300 MW. The Major wind energy system sites are Lamba (Porbander, Gujarat), Okha (Gujarat), Deogarth (Maharastra), Tuticorin (Tamil Nadu), Kayothar (Tamil Nadu) and coastal area of Bhavnagar (Gujarat)

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