A SEMINAR REPORT ON “SOLAR POWER IN INDIA” Submitted by - Tapas Ranjan Mahto Regd. No:

SUBMITTED TO- Mr. JEETAMITRA MOHANTY Ms. SAMPRATI MOHANTY 2

CONTENT What is solar power? Why its time to look towards renewable energy sources? Is our climate is suitable for solar energy? Where India now and its total installed capacity? Photovoltaic effect The Grid-tied PV Installation Concentrated solar power Government supports Challenges & opportunities Application of solar energy Conclusion References 3

KRUPAJAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE 4 What is solar power? solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity. its done in two ways- 1. Directly Using photovoltaic(PV) 2. Indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP)

Why its time to look towards renewable energy sources? 1.Around 400 millions Indians don’t have electricity access include un- electrified villages. 2.Indias coal reserves are projected to run out in four decades. 3.Due to production of more then three-quarters of electricity produced by burning coals and natural gas,carbon emission is around 1.6 billion tons world highest. KRUPAJAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE 5

6 Is our climate is suitable for solar energy? 1.India has high solar insolation. 2.With 300 sunny days in a year, India can generates about 600 TW of power. 3.India has sunshine hours per year with daily average solar energy incident over India varies from 4 to 7 kWh/m2,which is far more then current total energy consumption.

KRUPAJAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE 7 India's solar resources geographically

Where India now and its total installed capacity? 1.Total energy produced through solar is less then 1% of total demand. 2.The grid-interactive solar power as of December 2010 was merely 10 MW. 3. Government-funded solar energy in India only accounted for approximately 6.4 MW-yr of power. 4. Solar power generation is merely concentrated in three states. Gujarat Rajasthan Maharashtra KRUPAJAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE 8

Technology aspects- Mainly following two technology used- 1. Directly Using photovoltaic(PV)- based on principle of photovoltaic effect. 2. Indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP)- KRUPAJAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE 9

1. Directly Using photovoltaic(PV)- PV is an electrical device which convert light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effects is used, called solar cell. mainly constructed with- Monocrystalline silicon Polycrystalline silicon Amorphous silicon Cadmium telluride KRUPAJAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE 10

Photovoltaic effect- 1. When sun light falls on silicon metal cell. 2. Electron on the valance band observes the energy in the form of heat, and get excited and goes to conduction band. 3. These free electron conduction band attracted towards positive electrode, thus circuit gets complete and current starts follow. KRUPAJAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE 11

Construction of PV panel- *constructed from thin wafers of crystalline silicon, 150mm by 150mm by 180 – 360 microns thick. KRUPAJAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE 12

Solar cells- *directly convert light into electricity. 1.light(fotons) 4.diversion layer 2.Front contact 5.positive layer 3.Negative layer 6.back contact KRUPAJAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE 13

Structure of solar cell- 1.Silicon cell may be of the type single crystalline, multi crystalline or amorphous. 2. difference between these cells is how the silicon atoms are ordered, the crystalline structure. Monocrystalline polycrystalline flexible amorphous KRUPAJAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE 14

Solar panel- Solar panels consist of solar cells. As one single solar cell does not produce sufficient energy for most purposes, solar cells are put together in solar panels so that they produce more electricity jointly. KRUPAJAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE 15

The Grid-tied PV Installation- The energy output from a single PV panel is typically in the range of Watts in bright sunshine. A photovoltaic system is normally built up from a number of panels (an array), linked together to produce a more significant energy output. KRUPAJAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE 16

Concentrated solar power- use mirrors or lenses to concentrate a large area of sunlight, or solar thermal energy, onto a small area.solar thermal energy KRUPAJAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE 17

Government supports Solar Radiation Resource Assessment stations have been installed across India by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy(MNRE) to monitor the availability of solar energy.Ministry of New and Renewable Energy 2.The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy provides 70 percent subsidy on the installation cost of a solar photovoltaic power plant in North-East states and 30 percentage subsidy on other regions. 3. the government has announced an allocation of 10 billion (US$182 million) towards the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission and the establishment of a clean energy fund the-East states and 30 percentage subsidy on other regionsUS$Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission KRUPAJAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE 18

Challenges - 1.Land- per capita land availability is low. Needed approximately 1 km 2 for every 20–60 megawatts (MW) generation. 2. High cost of solar panels. opportunities- 1.Since India being a densely populated region in the sunny tropical belt the subcontinent has ideal combination of both high solar insolation and therefore a big potential consumer base density. 2.India can make renewable resources such as solar the backbone of its economy by 2050, reining in its long-term carbon emissions without compromising its economic growth potential. KRUPAJAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE 19

Application of solar energy- 1.Rural electrification. 2.Solar lamps and lightning. 3.Agriculture support. 4.Solar water heaters. KRUPAJAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE 20

Conclusion:- “Solar energy is not just another alternate source of electricity, but the only reliable, scalable and simple solution to address global warming” Solar energy is one of the first forms of energy discovered by humans. For centuries, we have knowingly and unknowingly been harnessing energy from the sun in various ways for various reasons – to heat, to generate fire, to dry, to light up, and so on – with or without using technology - passively or actively. Passive Solar Energy is one where we alter our way of creating, planning and living our structures, activities and lives to best utilize sunlight and the heat from it. For example, farmers follow solar and seasonal cycles to plan their farming based on the intensity of the sun and its effects on the monsoon and water patterns. Active Solar Energy on the other hand is science and technology driven wherein we capture the heat from the sun and reuse it at a time and in a form convenient for us – mainly as electricity. KRUPAJAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE 21

References- Websites Books- 1.Solar electricity handbook 2.Solar photovoltaic-2011 edition 3.Energy autonomy KRUPAJAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE 22

Thank you! 23