CHAPTER - 15 OUR ENVIRONMENT CLASS :- X MADE BY :- MANAS MAHAJAN SCHOOL :- K.V. GANESHKHIND PUNE-7.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
UNIT ONE: General Ecology and Population Part 1: Content Food Chains, Food Webs Energy Flow and Trophic Levels. Time: 5 days.
Advertisements

Ecology.
How does a tropical rainforest ecosystem function?
Matter and Energy in the Ecosystem
Ecosystems.
Energy Flow thru Ecosystems Without the Sun there would be no life on earth.
Ecosystem Model.
CLASS :- X MADE BY :- MANAS MAHAJAN © Galaxysite.weebly.com - All Rights Reserved.
Energy Flow How does energy move through the ecosystem?
An ecosystem is self-sustaining if the following requirements are met:
Unit Two Ecological Interactions
DO NOW Answer the following: What is Ecology?.
Part 2- Terr. Ecol.
AGENDA May 12 Big Question: How does energy flow through an ecosystem?
Chapter 37.1 and 37.2 – Ecology Dynamics The Flow of Energy  Sun: ultimate source of energy  The flow of energy is one way – from photosynthetic.
Chapter 54 Ecosystems. An ecosystem consists of all the organisms living in a community as well as all the abiotic factors with which they interact Ecosystems.
Ecology: The Study of Ecosystems. Organization of Life AKA Biological Organization.
Third lecture. Ecosystem An ecosystem is a self-sustaining, dynamic community of plants and animals in relation to their physical environment. System.
Section 1: Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu UNIT ONE: General Ecology and Population Part 1: Content Food Chains,
Notes 1 – Food Chains SCI 10 Ecology.
Energy Flow in an Ecosystem
Outline 3-2: Energy Flow. I. Primary Productivity A. The rate at which organic material is produced by photosynthesis in an ecosystem. 1. Determines the.
By: Kendra Sanchez SC.912.L Trophic Levels What are trophic levels? -Trophic levels are the feeding position in a food chain such as primary producers,
Logylogyat Rayat Shikshan Sanstha,Karmaveer Vidyaprabodhini,Madhya vibhag,Satara. Std-9 th Sub-Science &Technology Topic-Bonding With Ecosystems Std-9.
Ecology. What is Ecology? Ecology is the study of interactions among organisms (biotic factors) and between organisms and their environment (abiotic factors).
OUR ENVIRONMENT. What are environmental issues? Does environment influence us ? Or Do we influence the environment ? Whatever ………. No organism can survive.
Food Chains/Webs Investigative Science Basha High School.
Ecology. What is Ecology? Ecology is the study of interactions among organisms, and between organisms and their environment. Ecology is the study of interactions.
HUMAN AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY 10 CMH / 9CMH FOOD CHAIN Femitech Production.
Chapter 3 Ecosystems: What Are They and How Do They Work?  Ecology is a study of connections in nature. How organisms interact with one another and with.
How Ecosystems WorkSection 1 Chapter 5 How Ecosystems Work Section 1: Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Principles of Ecology Chapter 4, Section 1 Chapter 5, Section 1.
Roles of Living Things  All organisms need energy to live.  In ecosystem, energy moves in ONE direction: Sun Organisms  Energy from sun enters ecosystem.
Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Ecosystems and Energy Biology.
An ecosystem is all the living things and nonliving things in a given area.ecosystem An ecosystem can be a pond, a desert, an ocean, a forest, or your.
Roles in Ecosystems.
What is Ecology?. Organisms and Their Environment.
Lecture-8: ECOSYSTEM.  Ecology is the study of how organisms interact with each other and with their non living environment.  Species refers to the.
Ecosystems Part 2 Trophic Levels.
Ecosystems.
Ecosystems All the living and non living Components of an environment.
Food Chains, Food Webs, and the Transfer of Energy
The Living World: Ecosystems
Energy Flow Through an Ecosystem
Outline 3-2: Energy Flow 6/24/2018.
Unit 18: Energy and Nutrient Transfer
Grade 9 Science – Unit 3 – Biology – Ecology
Introduction to Ecosystems
Energy Flow Through an Ecosystem
HUMAN AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY FOOD CHAIN Femitech Production
Ecology Notes.
ECOSYSTEMS. ECOSYSTEMS What is an ecosystem? The self-sustaining structural and functional interaction between living and non-living components.
Lesson 1 Abiotic Factors Lesson 2 Cycles of Matter
Chapter 3: The Biosphere - Part 1
Biology Chapter 1 Section 2.
Basics of Ecosystems.
Ecology.
Chapter 3: The Biosphere - Part 1
Food Chains & Food Webs.
Chapter 3: The Biosphere - Part 1
Starter Name 3 abiotic factors and 3 biotic factors in the ecosystem on the right. What makes up an ecosystem?
Day 2 SCI 10 Ecology.
Ecology Part 1.
Energy Transfer in Ecosystems
Basics of Ecosystems.
Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Chapter 3: The Biosphere - Part 1
Outline 3-2: Energy Flow 10/24/2019.
Presentation transcript:

CHAPTER - 15 OUR ENVIRONMENT CLASS :- X MADE BY :- MANAS MAHAJAN SCHOOL :- K.V. GANESHKHIND PUNE-7

1. Effect of adding waste to the environment :- Human activities produce a lot of waste materials which are thrown away into the environment. These wastes cause pollution of air, water and soil. The waste materials produced are of two main types. They are biodegradable wastes and non biodegradable wastes. i) Biodegradable wastes :- are wastes which are decomposed into harmless substances by microorganisms. Eg :- vegetables, fruits, pulses, cereals, cotton, jute, wool, wood, leather, paper, animal dung, animal bones etc. ii) Non biodegradable wastes :- are wastes which are not decomposed by microorganisms. Eg :- polythene bags, plastics, synthetic fibres, glass, metals, synthetic rubber, insecticides, pesticides etc.

2. Ecosystem and its components :- a) Ecosystem :- An ecosystem consists of all the living organisms in an area along with the non living components and their interaction. There are different types of ecosystems. They are :- i) Natural ecosystems :- like forests, deserts, grass lands, mountains, ponds, lakes, rivers, oceans etc. ii) Artificial ecosystems :- like gardens, parks, crop fields, aquarium, zoo etc. b) Components of an ecosystem :- An ecosystem consists of two main components. They are biotic and abiotic components. i) Biotic components :- are the living components like plants, animals and microorganisms. They consist of producers, consumers and decomposers. Producers :- are green plants which produce food by photosynthesis. Consumers :- are herbivores which get their food directly from plants, carnivores which get their food indirectly from plants and omnivores which get their food directly or indirectly from plants. Decomposers :- are microorganisms which decompose dead plants and animals. They decompose complex organic substances into simple inorganic substances in the soil which are again used by plants. ii) Abiotic components :- are the non living components like air, water, soil, minerals, sunlight, temperature, wind etc.

3a) Food chain :- A food chain is the flow of food energy from one organism to the next and to the next and so on. They usually start with a producer (plants) and end with a carnivore. In a food chain an organism gets food from one group of organisms. eaten by eaten by Eg:- Grass Deer Lion (producer) (primary consumer) (secondary consumer) eaten by eaten by eaten by Grass Insects Frog Snake (producer) (primary consumer) (secondary consumer) (tertiary consumer) eaten by eaten by eaten by eaten by Grass Moth Frog Snake Hawk (producer) (primary consumer) (secondary consumer) (tertiary consumer) (quarternary consumer)

b) Food web :- Food web is a group of several interconnected food chains. In a food web an organism gets food from more than one group of organisms.

4) Trophic levels :- Each step in a food chain where transfer of food energy takes place is called trophic level. The first trophic level consists of producers. The second trophic level consists of primary consumers. The third trophic level consists of secondary consumers. The fourth trophic level consists of tertiary consumers. Since the transfer of food energy decreases at every trophic level, the number of trophic levels are limited and do not exceed four or five.

5) Energy flow in trophic levels :- Green plants (producers) absorb about 1% of solar energy falling on the leaves and stores it as food energy during photosynthesis. During the transfer of food energy from one trophic level to the next, 90% of the energy is lost to the environment and only 10% is transferred to the next trophic level. So there is a decrease in the amount of food energy transferred at every trophic level by 10%. This is known as the 10% law.

6) Biological magnification (Biomagnification) :- Harmful chemicals like insecticides and pesticides which are used to protect crops from insects and pests are absorbed by plants and enter the food chain. Since these chemicals are non biodegradable, they get accumulated at every trophic level and their concentration increases. Since human beings occupy the highest trophic level, the concentration of these harmful chemicals is maximum in our bodies. The increase in concentration of harmful chemicals in the bodies of organisms at higher trophic levels is called biological magnification.

7) Human activities affect the environment :- a) Depletion of ozone layer in the atmosphere :- Ozone molecule contains three oxygen atoms (O 3 ). At higher levels in the atmosphere the UV radiation splits some oxygen molecules (O 2 ) into free oxygen atoms which combines with oxygen molecules (O 2 ) to form ozone. It is highly poisonous. UV radiation O 2 O + O O 2 + O O 3 The ozone layer present in the higher layer of the atmosphere protects the earth from the harmful UV radiation from the sun. UV radiation causes skin cancer in humans. The ozone layer is being damaged by the use of chemicals like chloro fluoro carbons (CFCs) used in refrigerators and fire extinguishers. So the use of CFCs is now being reduced to protect the ozone layer.

b) Managing the garbage we produce :- The household waste is called garbage. Some of the garbage is biodegradable and some are non biodegradable. Garbage causes pollution of air, water and soil. So it should be disposed properly. Some of the methods of garbage disposal are :- i) Land fills ii) Recycling iii) Production of biogas and manure iv) Preparation of compost v) Incineration vi) Sewage treatment

Land fillsRecycling Production of biogas and manurePreparation of compost

Incinerator

Sewage treatment