 Universal Solvent: dissolves most substances due to POLARITY : hydrogen slightly positive and oxygen slightly negative

How many times more acidic is a substance with a pH of 4 versus a substance of a pH of 5???? 10 times!

 The decay of an element’s unstable nucleus into another nucleus, giving off radiation.  This decay occurs at a predictable rate or HALF LIFE  Half Life: the time it takes for half of the sample to decay.  (Ex: A 150 kg sample of X has a half life of 2 yrs, after 2 yrs 75 kg remain, after 4 yrs 37.5kg remains)

 Using resources in a responsible manner, so future generations are able to use resources  Strategies include RECYCLING, REUSING, REDUCING USE  Also replenishing resources, replanting crops, fertilizing land etc.

 Remote Island, with large statues  Islanders used resources inefficiently and destroyed their society by destroying their environment.  Island was transformed from a lush, diverse environment to a barren environment  Trees were used to move stone

 Resources provided by environment  What are examples of services????? …….water, land, etc.

 Biodiversity: genetic, species, ecosystems  Human population: 7 billion and growing  Food Production: grain production is attempting to meet demand  Resource Depletion: extracting too much too quickly  Global Temp/ Atmospheric CO 2: global warming

 A population with many variations is most fit or healthy.  EX) There are two separate population of bacteria, one is a population of clones and the other has high variations in genotype.  They are both treated with antibiotics, the clones die because they have no immunity. The variable population survives because of mutant who are naturally resistant.

 Atmospheric carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are responsible for trapping heat on earth, helps to maintain a constant temperature If you can’t stand the heat get out of the kitchen

20% of the worlds pop. Uses 87% of auto resources, 45 % of meat & fish, 58% of energy, and 84& of paper resources!

The measure of how much that a person consumes expressed in an area of land. Measured in hectares

 In 91’, roughly a million fish died in N. Carolinas Nuese’ River, a microscopic organism named Pfiesteria (emits a poisonous toxin) was identified as the cause.  24 life stages transformed from a harmless algae eater, but in the presence of high nutrients and plentiful fish it transforms into a carnivorous life stage  Stuns fish and burrows into flesh eating it, amoebas and cysts also exist. Industrial hog farms fed nutrient rich waste into river. Widespread panic caused $40 mil loss in seafood sales, hysteria thought to be overblown but later the culprit/toxin was validated in 07.

 Systems, such as ecosystems, have components that interact and influence each other.  Closed Sytem vs Open Systems  Feedback Loops occur when an output affects and input

 Accuracy- how close a measured value is to the actual or true value.  Precision- how close the repeated measurements are to others  Uncertainty- how much the measure differs from the true value.

How is energy lost?

 Positive Negative

An experimental drug is being tested to see if it improves weight loss females, who are age 25, caucasian, and 20 lbs overweight are used in the study. 500 of the women receive a placebo or sugar pill, while the other 500 receive the experimental drug. The second group experience significant weight loss. A)Independent variable- experimental drug B) Dependent Variable – weight loss C) Constants- females, caucasian, age 25, 20 lbs overweight D) Control- First group who receives placebo