Gordons Personal View of Personal Computing: before the PC Vintage Computer Society 27 September 1998 Gordon Bell

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Presentation transcript:

Gordons Personal View of Personal Computing: before the PC Vintage Computer Society 27 September 1998 Gordon Bell

Apple II

First personal computer

Micral

In the beginning: Manchester Baby ran the first program 22 June 1948

English Electric Deuce Console 1955

Whirlwind c1953 … 1st generation, 16-bit word; 4 KB memory; 8 K drum Whirlwind begot TX-O/TX-2 begot DEC PDP-1 Real time, first compiler, ECAD, text editor

Whirlwind console, drum, 1 Kw core

SAGE Control Room c Whirlwind used for first experiments.

SAGE (Semi-Automatic Ground Environment) Operator Console

TX-0 Console c1959… one of the first transistorized personal computers Speech, handwriting recognition, neuro data analysis, etc. Interactive editors, debuggers, etc.

MIT Speech group with TX-0, c1959.

DEC Computer before PDP

DEC PDP-1 c1961

Wes Clark & LINC c1962: Personal computers for bio-medical research

PDP-5 c1964: PDP-8 predecessor Process control, real time experiments. Fortran ran in 4 K, 12 bit words

Gbell with LINC and PDP-8 c1965

PDP-8: first mini First OEM computer. OS/8 (from timesharing) begot RT-11 begot CPM

PDP-8 Modules

PDP-8/E

PDP-8 and Linc Family Tree

PDP-8 12 bit word price (t)

PDP-8 prices (t)

Timesharing: given everyone their own, low cost, personal computer

PDP-6 c1965 : First commercial time shared computer. Gbell & Alan Kotok

PDP-6 Development team c1965

PDP-6/10/ DECsystem 10/20 family tree

There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home. Ken Olsen President, Chairman and founder of Digital, 1977

Equating yourself to the average user/buyer is risky... unless youre an average user.

Why didnt Digital lead personal computers? Thats another talk…

Minis and timesharing contributions 4 SpaceWar demonstrated the importance of interactive graphics 4 Editors, calculators, interactive debuggers, interpreters were in use 4 Mail and chat used timesharing 4 Minis established embedded computers