Muscular System Part 2

An Overview of the Major Skeletal Muscles Figure 7-11(a)

An Overview of the Major Skeletal Muscles Figure 7-11(b)

Muscles of the head and neck

Muscles of the Head and Neck Figure 7-12(a)

Muscles of the Head and Neck Figure 7-12(b)

Muscles of the Head and Neck Figure 7-12(c)

Head & Neck Muscles Cranial Aponeurosis: connects frontalis to occipitalis Temporalis: elevates mandible Occipitalis: draws scalp back Masseter: elevates mandible Sternocleidomastoid: Flexes head Draws head toward shoulder Frontalis: elevate eyebrows  Orbicularis Oculi: close eyelid  Zygomaticus: draw angle of lip upward  Buccinator: draws cheeks against teeth Orbicularis Oris: closes mouth  Platysma: draws lower lip down & back 

Muscles of Mastication Masseter: elevates mandible Temporalis: elevates mandible Medial pterygoid: elevates mandible Lateral pterygoid: depresses mandible

Key Muscles of Facial Expression Smiling Muscles Orbicularis Oculi Nasalis Levator Labii Superioris Levator Anguli Superioris Zygomaticus Risorius Frowning Muscles Frontalis Orbicularis Oris Depressor Anguli Oris Depressor Labii Inferioris Mentalis Platysma

Muscles of the Anterior Neck Figure 7-13

Muscles of the Axial Skeleton

Muscles of the Axial Skeleton Muscles of Quiet Respiration Diaphragm External Intercostals Internal Intercostals—deep breaths Abdominal Muscles External Obliques Internal Obliques Transverse Abdominus Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum Intrinsic Muscles Erector Spinae: maintain posture of back/extension Spinalis Longissimus Iliocostalis Oblique Muscles: rotation of the vertebrae Semispinalis Multifidus Rotatores

Muscles of the Spine Figure 7-14

Oblique and Rectus Muscles and the Diaphragm Figure 7-15(a)

Oblique and Rectus Muscles and the Diaphragm Figure 7-15(b)

Oblique and Rectus Muscles and the Diaphragm Figure 7-15(c)

Muscles of the Shoulder Figure 7-17(a)

Muscles of the Shoulder Figure 7-17(b)

Muscles of Scapular Stabilization Trapezius: Retraction Elevation Depression Upward Rotation Rhomboid—retraction Levator Scapular—Elevation Pectoralis Major—Protraction Serratus Anterior—Protraction

Upper Limbs

Muscles that Move the Arm Figure 7-18(a)

Muscles that Move the Arm Figure 7-18(b)

Anterior Muscles of Shoulder Deltoid Flexion /Extension Abduction /Adduction Internal /External Rotation Pectoralis Major Adduction Flexion Extension Internal Rotation Biceps Brachii—Flexion

Posterior Muscles of Shoulder Teres Major Adduction Extension Internal Rotation Latissimus Dorsi Triceps Brachii

Rotator Cuff Muscles (SITS) Teres Minor External Rotation Subscapularis Internal Rotation Supraspinatus Abduction Infraspinatus External Rotation

Muscles That Move the Forearm and Wrist Figure 7-19

Muscles of the Elbow/Forearm Triceps Brachii—Extension Bicep Brachii— Flexion Supination Brachialis—Flexion Brachioradialis— Pronation Pronator Teres Pronator Quadratus Supinator Longus

Muscles of the Wrist & Hand Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Digitorum Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Extensor Carpi Radialis Extensor Digitorum Anterior (Palmar) View Posterior (Dorsal) View

Lower Extremity Muscles

Muscles That Move the Thigh Figure 7-20(a)

Muscles of Hip: Gluteal Muscles Gluteus Maximus—Extension Gluteus Medius—Abduction Gluteus Minimus—Abduction Tensor Fasciae Latae— Flexion Abduction ** Gluteus Minimus is under the Gluteus Medius

Muscles That Move the Thigh Figure 7-20(b)

Muscles of Hip: Anterior Muscles Medial/Adductor Muscles: Adductor Magnus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Gracilis Anterior Muscles Iliopsoas—Flexion Pectineus— Flexion Adduction Sartorius— Lateral Rotation

Muscles That Move the Leg Figure 7-21

Muscles of Anterior Thigh “Quadriceps” Rectus Femoris— Hip flexion Knee extension Vastus Lateralis—knee extension Vastus Medialis—knee extension Vastus Intermedius—knee extension Sartorius— Hip & Knee Flexion Lateral Hip Rotation **Vastus Intermedius is beneath Rectus Femoris

Muscles of Posterior Thigh “Hamstrings” Responsible for Knee Flexion & Hip Extension Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps Femoris Gastrocnemius Knee Flexion

Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes Figure 7-22(a)

Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes Figure 7-22(b)

Muscles of the Lower Leg Anterior Compartment Tibialis Anterior—Dorsiflexion & inversion Extensor Digitorum Longus Fibularis Tertius—dorsiflexion & eversion Posterior Compartment Gastrocnemius—plantarflexion, knee flexion Soleus—plantarflexion Lateral Compartment Fibularis Longus—plantarflexion & eversion Fibularis Brevis—plantarflexion & eversion

Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes Figure 7-22(c)

Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes Figure 7-22(d)

Location of Muscles Skeletal Muscles Anterior view Frontalis Masseter Quadriceps group Frontalis Masseter Deltoid biceps brachii Location of Muscles Pectoralis Major Brachioradialis Skeletal Muscles Anterior view External Obliques Rectus abdominis Quadriceps Group Tibialis Anterior http://people.uleth.ca/~little/PE2110/funcanatomy/2front%20muscle.jpg

Location of Muscles Skeletal Muscles Posterior view Hamstring group Trapezius Location of Muscles Triceps brachii Latissimus dorsi Skeletal Muscles Posterior view Hamstring group Gastrocnemius Gluteus maximus http://people.uleth.ca/~little/PE2110/funcanatomy/2back%20muscle.jpg

Muscles You Need to Know F A D C B E L K J H G P O N M I 5 1. brachioradialis 2. biceps brachii 3. deltoid 4. external oblique 5. frontalis 6. gastrocnemius 7. gluteus maximus 8. hamstring group 9. latissimus dorsi 10. masseter 11. pectoralis major 12. quadriceps group 13. rectus abdominis 14. tibialis anterior 15. trapezius 16. triceps brachii 10 15 3 11 16 2 13 9 4 1 7 12 8 14 6

Disease Conditions in Muscles

Muscle Disorders Sprain A sprain is a wrenching, twisting or stretching injury to a ligament. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://health.yahoo.com/media/healthwise/n5551870.jpg&imgrefurl=http://health.yahoo.com/topic/emergency/overview/article/healthwise/popup/zm2754&h=300&w=460&sz=77&hl=en&start=8&um=1&tbnid=DDL4EAjN_AID7M:&tbnh=83&tbnw=128&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsprains%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://healthcare.utah.edu/healthinfo/images/ei_0190.gif&imgrefurl=http://healthcare.utah.edu/healthinfo/pediatric/poison/sprains.htm&h=460&w=530&sz=38&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=7URgDVBTmf9H5M:&tbnh=115&tbnw=132&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsprains%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN Sprains often affect the ankles, knees, or wrists.

Muscle Disorders Strain A strain is an injury to a muscle or tendon, and is often caused by overuse, force, or stretching. http://medicalimages.allrefer.com/large/muscle-strain.jpg http://www.ptclinic.com/medlibrary/images/a15a.jpg

Muscle Disorders Muscle Ruptures A muscle tear may be partial or complete and caused either by a direct blow or by overexertion.

Muscle Disorders Muscle Tear Muscle Pull Muscle pull- very slight tear Chronic tear- gradual onset of pain Acute tear- sudden dramatic pain Muscle Tears http://www.humanillnesses.com/original/images/hdc_0001_0003_0_img0249.jpg http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://healthresources.caremark.com/Imagebank/MedEco/00042709.jpg&imgrefurl=http://healthresources.caremark.com/topic/topic100587542&h=351&w=284&sz=13&hl=en&start=23&um=1&tbnid=zXSiTAixq-bPbM:&tbnh=120&tbnw=97&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmuscle%2Btears%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.hughston.com/hha/b.ten6.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.hughston.com/hha/a.tennisinjuries.htm&h=390&w=309&sz=23&hl=en&start=24&um=1&tbnid=w44r9OO5XtZWFM:&tbnh=123&tbnw=97&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmuscle%2Btears%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN http://www.healiohealth.com/strained-muscle-treatment.html

Muscle Disorders Spasms Cramps Muscle spasm- when A muscle (or even a few fibers of a muscle) involuntarily contract Muscle cramp- involuntarily + forcibly contracted muscle that does not relax http://www.medicinenet.com/muscle_cramps/article.htm http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/img/techno/muscle170304.jpg http://www.cartoonstock.com/newscartoons/cartoonists/bgr/lowres/bgrn692l.jpg

Muscle Disorders Tetanus Caused by bacteria that enters the body through the skin Found in soil, dust and manure Toxin bacteria produces interferes with nerve transmission to your muscles and causes them to seize up in painful spasms. http://drfleablog.blogspot.com/2006/12/risus-sardonicus.html http://www.bilkent.edu.tr/~bilheal/aykonu/ay2005/mart05/SoldierTetanus.gif

Muscle Disorders Anabolic Steroids Produced naturally by the body to support such functions as fighting stress and promoting growth and development Referred to as roids, juice, hype, weight trainers, gym candy, arnolds, stackers, or pumpers People use steroid pills, gels, creams, or injections to improve their sports performance or the way they look.   Anabolic steroids cause many different types of problems

Muscle Disorders Cerebral Palsey Cerebral palsy is a group of disorders that affect a person's ability to move and to maintain balance and posture. The disorders appear in the first few years of life, and usually don’t get worse over time. http://www.seiu880.org/typo3temp/pics/2dc5572c7c.jpg

Muscle Disorders Muscular Dystrophy Muscular Dystrophy- most well known of hereditary diseases A genetic condition that describes over 20 genetic and hereditary muscle diseases. http://www.humanillnesses.com/original/images/hdc_0001_0002_0_img0181.jpg

Muscle Disorders Myasthenia Gravis Myasthenia gravis- chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by varying degrees of weakness of the skeletal muscles http://www.bmm.charite.de/rueckschau/ribeiro/Myasthenia%20gravis.jpg http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.nanosweb.org/patient_info/brochures/images/mythenia_1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.nanosweb.org/patient_info/brochures/MyastheniaGravis.asp&h=631&w=600&sz=98&hl=en&start=13&um=1&tbnid=ExsNh5GEE7ifoM:&tbnh=137&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3DMyasthenia%2BGravis%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN

Muscle Disorders Polio Poliomyelitis, often called polio is an acute viral infectious disease which is spread from person-to-person via the fecal-oral route. Old Polio Asymmetric atrophy & weakness Atrophic right leg (arrow) in patient with paralytic polio 70 years in past http://www.immune.org.nz/site_resources/Professionals/Diseases/Polio/Polio.jpghttp://weekendamerica.publicradio.org/programs/2005/04/09/images/slide_01_polio.jpg http://www.cdc.gov/nip/global/images/crutches.jpg http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/neuromuscular/pics/people/patients/Hands/oldpoliolegs.jpg

Epigastric hernia Umbilical hernia

Animations… Muscles – Descriptions Muscles – Locations and Actions http://www.innerbody.com/image/musfov.html Muscles – Locations and Actions http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscularsystem/menu/menu.html