Language forms and features in… Holes Louis Sachar

Lexical chain & recurring motif “No-good pig-stealing dirty-rotten great great Grandfather”

Nomenclature “Mr Sir”

Repetition One word lines Short sentences “lake” 2nd person narrative

MODALITY Modal verbs convey a range of judgments about the likelihood of events. There are nine modal verbs: "can", "could", "may", "might", "will", "would", "shall", "should", and "must". She might be there. You could get there by lunchtime if you hurry. You'll hit the roof. That must have hurt.

Hyperbole Exaggeration… “I’ve told you a million times!” Creates sarcasm Look for quotes from Mr Sir

Cliché Over-used phrases or “sayings” Look for quotes from Mr Pendanski

How? = What language techniques are used? Write a perfect paragraph in which you explore the language forms, features and structures in HOLES by Louis Sachar. ? How? = What language techniques are used? In chapter 1 of Holes, how does Louis Sachar engage the audience in the novel? Engage = involve? Get the attention of? Engross? Take part in? attract? Connect? Absorb

How? = What language techniques are used? In chapter 1 of Holes, how does Louis Sachar engage the audience in the novel? STEP 1! ? How? = What language techniques are used? Statement (1st sentence): In chapter 1 of Holes, Louis Sachar uses 2nd person narrative, repetition of short sentences and high modality to involve the audience. Engage = involve? Get the attention of? Engross? Take part in? attract? Connect? Absorb

In chapter 1 of Holes, how does Louis Sachar engage the audience in the novel? STEP 2! A quote from the text… written word-for-word from the text – with speech marks at the beginning and end of the quote Prove your statement with evidence from the text… (2nd sentence of your paragraph…) In chapter 1,Sachar writes, “that’s the worst thing that can happen to you, you die a slow, painful death”.

In chapter 1 of Holes, how does Louis Sachar engage the audience in the novel? STEP 3! Connect the language techniques with the evidence from the text…AND explain the EFFECT of using the language techniques. (3rd and 4th sentences of your paragraph…) in involving the audience. The 2nd person narrative speaks directly to the audience. The high modality of “worst” way “you die a slow, painful death” positions the readers to actually imagine themselves in the novel’s action.

In chapter 1 of Holes, how does Louis Sachar engage the audience in the novel? STEP 4! Link sentence: this is the last sentence of your paragraph. It “links” your techniques + evidence + effect back to the question The effective use of the 2nd person narrative and high modality, used by Sachar in the 1st chapter of Holes, successfully engages the audience in the novel.

Now… put all the steps together to form the complete paragraph  In chapter 1 of Holes, Louis Sachar uses 2nd person narrative, repetition of short sentences and high modality to involve the audience. In chapter 1,Sachar writes, “that’s the worst thing that can happen to you, you die a slow, painful death”. The 2nd person narrative speaks directly to the audience. The high modality of “worst” way “you die a slow, painful death” positions the readers to actually imagine themselves in the novel’s action. The effective use of the 2nd person narrative and high modality, used by Sachar in the 1st chapter of Holes, successfully engages the audience in the novel.