SPART Refresher 2004 What’s new Frank Rossi

Ten Essentials They have been redefined Navigation: Map, Compass, Altimeter, GPS Hydration: Water, Container Sun Protection: Sunglasses, Sunscreen Insulation: extra Clothing Illumination: Headlamp or Flashlight

Ten Essentials (con’t) First Aid Supplies: Fire: Matches/Lighter, Firestarter Emergency Shelter: Repair Kit & Tools: Knife, Duct tape Nutrition: extra Food

Ten Essentials Plus Signaling for Rescue: –Active: Signal mirror, Whistle, Radio, Cellphone –Passive: Surveyors tape, Reflective cord Insect: Snow Travel: –Shelter Building: Snow shovel, Snow saw –Ground Insulation: Foam sit pad –Avalanche Rescue: Avalanche Beacon, Shovel, Probe

Sunscreens SPF rating is only for UVB rays Best UVA ingredients –Mechanical Blockers: Zinc Oxide (Z-Cote) Titanium Dioxide –Chemical Screens Parsol 1789 (avobenzone) Mexoryl SX (available in Canada)

Sunscreens with Zinc Oxide Dermatone Sunscreen Lotion SPF 36 (Z-Cote 10%) [3] Sol Sunguard Blue Water SPF 36 (Zn 10%) [3] Long’s Surf Ski Cote w/Zinc Oxide SPF 45+ (Zn 6.86%) [4] Blue Lizard SPF 30+ (Zn 5.7%) [4] Long’s Pacific Sun Triple Action SPF 30 or 50 (Zn 4%, 5%) [5,6] Olay Complete All Day SPF 15 (Zn 3%) [2] Eucerin Extra Protective Moisture Lotion SPF 30 (Zn & Ti) [5] Coppertone Spectra 3 SPF 30 or SPF 50 (Zn _%) [5,6] Sea & Ski SPF 50 Platinum Sunscreen (Zn _%) [4] Available in Canada: –Ombrelle Kids Cream SPF 45 - no Zn but 3 UVA ingredients (Mexoryl SX 3%, Parsol %, & Ti 3.6%) [4] [x] = number of Active Ingredients

Insect Repellents Mosquito: DEET (controlled release is best) –3m Ultrathon –Sawyer Controlled Release –NOTE: DEET is bad for some plastics No-see-um, Flies: MGK-264 with MGK-326 –Sawyers Broad Spectrum –Cutters Tick Defense For Clothing: Permethrin 0.5% –Permanone –ExOfficio Buzz Off clothing

Photon Micro Lights Note the burn times –Yellow 120-hr CR2032 (1ea) –Orange 120-hr CR2032 (1ea) –Red 120-hr CR2032 (1ea) –Green 20-hr CR2016 (2ea) –White 12-hr CR2016 (2ea) –Turquoise 12-hr CR2016 (2ea) –Blue 12-hr CR2016 (2ea) –

Waterproof/Breathable Fabric eVENT most breathable WB fabric –Integral Designs: Tents and Bivys –Montane Jacket Nexus Epic treated fabric WR/B –Black Diamond tents –Jackets Feathered Friends Wild Things Gear

Waterproof Fabric Silicone impregnated Ripstop Nylon, oz/sq.yd. (SilNyl, SilNylon, etc.) Seam Sealing –GE Silicone II Clear mixed 1:1 with Mineral Spirits –Also use for strips on floor to reduce sliding

Fabric Sources Outdoor Wilderness Fabrics Quest Outfitters Seattle Fabrics Source for Iron-on reflective tape –Textile Outfitters

Stoves, etc. Jetboil Make a Pot Cozy Canister Stoves –Heat small quantities of water –Use heat screen but not around canister Cheapest titanium canister stove: –Markill Hot Rod Titanium #69370 $49.95

Lightweight Tents & Tarps Albion’s MO Black Diamond Cooke Dancing Light Gear GoLite Integral Designs LW Gear lwg.htmlwww.members.tripod.com/lwgear/ lwg.html Mandatory Gear Moonbow Trail Gear Oware

LtWt Tents & Tarps (con’t) Six Moon Designs Stephenson Warmlite Tarptent Wanderlust Other useful sites: – –

Clothing Blister Guard socks with Teflon Feathered Friends GoLite Liberty Mountain (Montane) Montbell Western Mountaineering Wild Things

Knives Can you open your knife –If your hands are cold and stiff? –With winter gloves or mittens on? –If arthritic? –If you are injured? Can you hold and use it with any of the above? There is a good argument for a fixed blade knife.

Fixed Blade Knives Characteristics of a good knife for shelter building and splitting wood. –Style: Scandinavian style knives and blades –Weight: Lightweight, <7-oz w/sheath –Blade:3.5” - 5.5”, Plain (non-serrated), Flat ground or slight concave. –Steel: High Carbon Steel - rusts but easier to sharpen in field (Briwax for rust proof) –Tang: Full length; either Full tang or Full bar tang –Handle: Large, smooth, no finger grooves for comfort –Guard: none

Inexpensive fixed-blade knives by Frosts, Mora, Sweden Frosts FT-840 Clipper: High Carbon Steel, Red butt, 3.8-oz w/sheath $13 Frosts FT-860 Clipper: 12C27 Stainless Steel, Orange, Blue, or O.D. butt,3.8-oz w/sheath $13 Frosts S2H Traditional Craftsman: High Carbon Steel, wood handle 3.0-oz w/sheath $13 [Laminated steel avail.]

Other fixed-blade knives $50 - $110 Fallkniven: F1 Swedish AF Survival Knife, 6.8-oz $75 Cold Steel: 36JSK or 36C Master Hunter $55 Grohmann: R3SF Boat Knife, Flat ground, 5.6-oz $56 Grohmann: RK2S Bird & Trout, 4.2-oz $56 Bark River Knife & Tool: Woodland, Highland, Northstar $75 Foster Knives: Weishuhn Hunter, Fears Survival $110

Saws Why –Useful to cut small trees in Helicopter LZ or Hoist Zone Good saws –Gerber #46036 Exchange-A-Blade folding saw –Supreme Products #PS101 Pocket Chain Saw 28” –Supreme Products #PS109 the Un-Believable Saw 22”

New Books 98.6 Degrees: The art of keeping your ass alive. Cody Lundin The Outdoor Knots Book. Clyde Soles GPS Made Easy. Lawrence Letham. 4th Ed GPS Navigation Guide. Jack W. Peters

Stores - Seattle Feathered Friends Yale Stewart Metsker Maps First Ave Outdoor & More Westlake Ave N Outdoor Research st Ave Walker Pro Mountain Sports University Way NE Pro Ski Service Aurora Ave N Second Ascent Ballard Ave NW Seattle Fabrics Aurora Ave N

Magnetic Declination At Snoqualmie Pass - May 15, ° 00’ E [rate of change -7’/year] declination1.p1www.ngdc.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/seg/gmag/ declination1.p1

WGS84 to NAD27 NOTE WGS84 = NAD83 Transformations at Snoqualmie Pass –Meters: Lat m; Long m –Seconds: Lat ”; Long ” –Minutes: Lat ’; Long ’ –Total sift: 92.8 meters