CLOSE QUARTERS MARKSMANSHIP ARNG-MTC, RANGE OPERATIONS The Marksmanship block of instruction consists of five components 1) Reflexive firing training 2) Target discrimination 3) Marksmanship qualification (Day and Night) 4) Shotgun familiarization 5) Automatic fire familiarization

MARKMANSHIPS REQUIREMENTS * A soldier will be current and qualified within the last six months on marksmanship qualification prior to execution of live fire CQM, all weapons from individuals to crew-serve * Dry-fire drills and rehearsals are an essential part of the training process and always conducted by the team leader/squad leader to establish TLP, prior to CQM training * Night training will be conducted and have a basic knowledge of the following; mount flashlight (ie, sure-fire-light, TAC light,) and PEQs-2 or PAQ-4s on individual weapons * All CQM training and missions, gun lights and lasers will be used on every weapons. Daylight conditions outside do not guarantee “daylight” inside the building * All CQM related training should begin with the principles of safe weapons handling -Always treat the weapon as it is always loaded -Never point the weapons at anything you do not intend to destroy -Three rules of target engagement: acquire, identify, and engage

REFLEXIVE FIRING TRAINING Nature of CQM engagements will be close (w/I 10 meters) and fast (target exposed for only a few seconds). Most close quarters engagements are won by who puts the enemy down. In order to win close quarter engagement, soldier must make quick, accurate shots by mere reflex. This is accomplished by reflexive firing training. Remember, no matter how good you get, always fire until the enemy goes down. All reflexive firing will be trained with both eyes open *note, M249 will follow the same techniques in reflexive fire as done with M16A2, and M-4 Carbine

REFLEXIVE FIRING TECHNIQUES * Stance, Feet are approximately shoulder width apart, toes are pointed straight to the front (direction of movement)- the firing side foot is staggered to the rear of the non-firing foot- knees bent slightly- upper body leans slightly forward- shoulders are not slouched- weapon held with butt stock in the pocket of the shoulder- firing side elbow is kept in against the body- stance should be modified to ensure that the soldier maintains a comfortable boxer stance. a) Low-carry, Butt stock of the weapon placed in the pocket of shoulder- the barrel pointed down so front sight post and day optics is just out of the field of vision- head always up and looking- this technique is safest and is recommended for use by the clearing team once inside the room. b) High-carry, butt stock of the weapon held in the arm pit- barrel is pointed slightly up with the front sight post in the peripheral vision of the individual- push out on the pistol grip and thrust the weapon forward and pull straight back into the pocket of the shoulder to assume the proper firing position- is best suited for the lineup outside the door- exercise caution with this technique in multi- floor buildings with soldiers on the second floor and in training facilities where a round could escape the safe area through the ceiling

AIMING TECHNIQUE (A) IRON SIGHT 1) Slow aim fire, most accurate technique- consists of taking sight picture and using the four fundamentals of marksmanship when time permits- technique used mainly for distant engagement 2) Rapid aim fire (flash sight picture), technique features an imperfect sight picture where windage is critical and elevation is of lesser importance- where the front post is in line with the target, squeeze the trigger- used from 0-25 meters at a fast rate of fire 3) Aimed quick kill, this consists of placing the fornt sight post flush on top of the rear peep sight- used for quick shots from 0-11 meters- windage is important but elevation is not as critical in relation to target 4) Instinctive fire, least accurate technique- firer focuses on target and points the weapon in the general direction using muscle memory reflex fire- technique is to adjust the placement of the non firing hand for accuracy- gripping the handguard, extend the index finger down the barrel so that by pointing the index finger toward the target, the barrel is automatically on line

AIMING TECHNIQUE CONT. (B) DOT SIGHT 1) a technique used by mechcanical aiming devices to enhance target location during CQM it is used in conjuction the iron sight techniques examples, s low aim fire, rapid aim fire (flash sight picture), aimed quick kill, and instinctive fire (C) ACOG 1) Reticle, soldiers must ensure sight is properly adjusted for correct eye relief- use 100m crosshair for all reflex fire- with dry-fire drills and rehersals, target aquization will come with time 2) ACOGS iron sights, when using these sights for CQM- use the same techniques as stated in slide #5

FIRING TECHNIQUES Controlled Pair Firing acquire good sight picture, fire a single round- acquire second sight picture on the target, let the gun settle down prior to firing the second round; fire a second single round- acquire a third sight picture to be prepared to engage the target in the event the target remains a threat- after each round is fired ensure a proper sight picture is reacquired Automatic Fire effective for violence of action when fire superiority is needed to gain entry- auto fire is fired in controlled bursts only (2-3 rounds)- once trained and rehearsed a soldier will be able to fire six rounds (two bursts) in the same or less time than he could fire two rounds in a controlled pair- engage targets 10 meters or less- only #1 and #2 man should employ this technique due to a stray rounds- same actions are used in rapid-aim fire, aimed quick kill, or instinctive- weapon will rise during engagement, let it- point of aim is slightly down and to the left- key to accuracy, concentrate on not jerking the trigger

MALFUNCTION Soldier has a malfunction with his weapon during any CQM training, he will take a knee and move to the left or right if needed to get out of the way, to conduct immediate action- once the malfunction is cleared, there is no need to stand up to engage targets- when others members of the team see a soldier down, they must automatically clear his sector of fire- before rising to his feet the soldier will warn team members of his movement and only move him the team acknowledge.

POSITIONRDS FIRED DISTANCEMETHODTIME STDLETHAL ZONE HIT STD Straight ahead304mControlled PairNONE21 Straight ahead307mControlled PairNONE21 Straight ahead3010mControlled PairNONE21 FAMILIARIZATION TABLE

POSITIONRDS FIRED DISTANCEMETHODTIME STDLETHAL ZONE HIT STD Left turn/right3010mControlled pairNONE21 Right turn/left304mControlled pairNONE21 Straight ahead Walking 504m start at 10m Controlled pairNONE35 Straight ahead Walking 507m start at 10m Controlled pairNONE35 Walk-stop-turn304m begin at 1m, turn at 4m Controlled pairNONE21 Run-stop-shoot307m begin at 15m Controlled pairNONE21 Walk laterally to right 307mControlled pairNONE21 Walk laterally to left 307mControlled pairNONE21 FAMILIARIZATION TABLE

POSITIONRDS FIRED DISTANCEMETHODTIME STDLETHAL ZONE HIT STD Straight ahead304mControlled pair3 seconds from Command “UP” 21 Left turn307mControlled pair3 seconds from Command “UP” 21 Right turn3010mControlled pair3 seconds from Command “UP” 21 Straight ahead Walking 504m 7m 4m Controlled pair3 seconds from Command “UP” 35 Straight ahead Walking 5010m 15m 10m Controlled pair3 seconds from Command “UP” 35 Walk-stop-turn507m 4m Controlled pair3 seconds from Command “UP” 35 Run-stop-shoot3010m 20m Controlled pair3 seconds from Command “UP” 21 Straight ahead3025mSingle Shot3 seconds from Command “UP” 21 PRACTICE QUALIFICATION

M249 FAMILIARIZATION #POSITIONDISTANCETIMEROUNDS FIRED 1Straight ahead4mNONETwo-Three Round Burst 2Left Turn7mNONETwo-Three Round Burst 3Right Turn10mNONETwo-Three Round Burst 4Walking Straight4m 7m NONETwo-Three Round Burst 5Walking Straight10m 15m NONETwo-Three Round Burst 6Walk-Stop-Turn7m 4m NONETwo-Three Round Burst 7Run-Stop-Shoot10m 20m NONETwo-Three Round Burst 8Straight ahead25mNONETwo-Three Round Burst 9Walk Right7mNONETwo-Three Round Burst 10Walk Left7mNONETwo-Three Round Burst

M249 PRACTICE QUALIFICATION #POSITIONDISTANCETIMEROUNDS FIRED 1Straight ahead4m3Two-Three Round Burst 2Left Turn7m3Two-Three Round Burst 3Right Turn10m3Two-Three Round Burst 4Walking Straight4m 7m 3Two-Three Round Burst 5Walking Straight10m 15m 3Two-Three Round Burst 6Walk-Stop-Turn7m 4m 3Two-Three Round Burst 7Run-Stop-Shoot10m 20m 3Two-Three Round Burst 8Straight ahead25m3Two-Three Round Burst 9Walk Right7m3Two-Three Round Burst 10Walk Left7m3Two-Three Round Burst

DIMENSIONS PLACEMENT OF BOWLING PIN TARGET TORSO LETHAL AREA IS 18”x 8” NECK/HEAD LETHAL AREA 4”x 8” E-Type Silhouette

TARGET DISCRIMINATION TYPES OF TRAINING 1) Target discrimination is the act of identifing between the enemy and the non- combatants in a CQM evironment- even if an object is known to be free of noncombatants, other soldiers and friendly units moving through the objective area may be mistaken as enemy- target discrimination is an inescapable responsibility- it is essential that the training is to be aimed at instilling fire control in individual soldiers 2) A basic techniques taught is using two or more E-type silhouettes with bowling pins painted on each side of the silhouette (e.g. brown side/green)- instructor calls out a color for the shooter to identify on the command “ready, up” or “whistle blast”-the shooter quickly scans all targets for the color and engages using controlled pair- this is the basic standrad that all soldiers train to- this training will prepare soldiers to eliminate threats based on enemy uniform and reduce the chances of a soldier hesitating and becoming a casualty 3) Alternative methods include using three E-type silhouettes with different painted shapes (square, triangle, and circle)- instructor calls out a shape for the firers to identify- on the command of “ready, up” the shooters quickly scan all three targets searching for the shape and engage using the controlled pair technique

TARGET DISCRIMINATION TYPES OF TRAINING (CONT) 4) A good technique for teaching soldiers target/threat discrimination is to have them focus on target’s hands- if a target is a threat, the first and most obvious indicator is a weapon in the target’s hands- this is also the center of the uniform, which soldiers will focus on 5) Another technique for training would be to use pop-up targets (electrical or pull targets) Note- this level of target discrimination should not be trained until soldiers are thoroughly proficient in basic CQM tasks- the first priority is always the safety of the soldier

MARKSMANSHIP QUALIFICATION M16A2/M4 All soldiers will conduct marksmanship qualification while conducting CQM training, each soldier engages the target IAW qualification table and scores sixteen hits day and night- a hit for scoring purpose is a round that impacts within the “lethal zone”- in addition to achieving a qualifying score, all 20 rounds must hit the E-type silhouette in order to qualify NOTE; the firing table can be shot in any order M249 CQM All soldiers will conduct marksmanship qualification while conducting CQM training, each soldier engages the target IAW qualification table and scores 30 hits day and night- a hit for scoring purpose is a round that impacts within the “lethal zone”- in Addition to achieving a qualifying score, all 60 rounds must hit the E-type silhouette in order to qualify

M16/M4 QUALIFICATION POSITIONRDS FIRED DISTANCEMETHODSTIME Straight ahead24mControlled pair3 sec from cmd “UP” Left Turn27mControlled pair3 sec from cmd “UP” Right Turn210mControlled pair3 sec from cmd “UP” Walking Straight24m 7m Controlled pair3 sec from cmd “UP” Walking Straight210m 15m Controlled pair3 sec from cmd “UP” Walk-Stop-Turn27m 4m Controlled pair3 sec from cmd “UP” Run-Stop-Shoot210m 20m Controlled pair3 sec from cmd “UP” Straight ahead225mControlled pair3 sec from cmd “UP” Walk Right- Laterally27mControlled pair3 sec from cmd “UP” Walk Left-Laterally27mControlled pair3 sec from cmd “UP”

M249 FAMILIARIZATION/ QUALIFICATION #POSITIONDISTANCETIMEROUNDS FIRED 1Straight ahead4m3Two-Three Round Burst 2Left Turn7m3Two-Three Round Burst 3Right Turn10m3Two-Three Round Burst 4Walking Straight4m 7m 3Two-Three Round Burst 5Walking Straight10m 15m 3Two-Three Round Burst 6Walk-Stop-Turn7m 4m 3Two-Three Round Burst 7Run-Stop-Shoot10m 20m 3Two-Three Round Burst 8Straight ahead25m3Two-Three Round Burst 9Walk Right7m3Two-Three Round Burst 10Walk Left7m3Two-Three Round Burst

SHOTGUN FAMILIARZATION The shotgun’s primary purpose is ballistic breaching- the intent of this familiarization fire is to provide each soldier the opportunity to gain the skills and confidence needed to successfully employ the weapons- the targets used in the shotgun familiarization are door frames and knobs/hinges either purchase commercially or specially constructed for training- familiarization training is most easily conducted using plywood target frames and painted door knobs and hinges due to cost NOTE 1: Soldiers will demonstrate proper muzzle placement and weapon manipulation- each soldier fires this table at least once NOTE 2: Confident proficiency is critical- prior to firing, dry firing will be conducted where the instructor will demonstrate skill in loading, firing, clearing, reducing stoppage, and rapid reload NOTE 3: Be careful not to touch the barrel to any part of the door, so as to not alert the enemy NOTE 4: Muzzle of shotgun should be placed at a 45 degree angle (muzzle down) into the jam at the approximate location where the plunger connects with strike plate

SHOTGUN FAMILIARZATION TABLE TARGETRDS FIRED TIME STD Door knob1 to 25 sec from CMD “UP” Door hinge (1 hinge)35 sec from CMD “UP”