Summary of the scientific results achieved by APICE project Salvatore Patti 1, Alexander Armengaud 2, John G. Bartzis 3, Nicolas Marchand 4, Jorge Pey 5, Anastasia Poupkou 6, Paolo Prati 7 A.De Bortoli 1, S.DeVettori 1, G.Giraldo 1, E.Elvini 1,G.Formenton 1, A.Latella 1, F.Liguori 1, S.Pillon 1, L.Susanetti 1, E.Tarabotti 1, D.Piga 2, A.Detournay 4, D.Salameh 4, K.F.Filiou 3, D.Saraga 3, E.I.Tolis 3 N.Perez 5, X.Querol 5, N.Liora 6, K.Markakis 6, T.Giannaros 6, D.Melas 6, C.Bove 7, P.Brotto 7, F.Cassola 7, E.Cuccia 7 1 ARPA Veneto - Regional Air Observatory, Venice, Italy, 2 AirPACA, Marseille, France 3 University of Western Macedonia, Dept of Mechanical Engineering, Env. Techn., Lab., Kozani, Greece 4 Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement,, Marseille, France 5 Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research –CSIC, Barcelona, Spain 6 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki-Lab. of Atmospheric Physics, Thessaloniki, Greece 7 University of Genoa & INFN, Dept. of Physics, Genoa, Italy

2 Intersectorial approach Double-helix model of the partnership Common Mediterranean strategy and local practical Actions for the mitigation of Port, Industries and Cities Emissions Budget: ,00 € Project timetable: June February 2013 APICE final Conference Venice, 8 November 2012

1. Pinpointing the relative contribution to air quality of pollution sources in the 5 project harbour areas (focus on PM10 & PM2.5) 2. Strengthen the governance capacity to arbitrate between conflicting socio-economic & environmental interests by including the air pollution analysis and trend scenarios within the already existing Sectorial Plans 3. Facilitate and promote voluntary agreements between local administration, port authorities, ship owners and cargos’ handlers to reduce air pollution caused by on-berth vessels (“green ports” approach) 3 ’s contents The focus Reduction of air pollution in port cities, selecting the most effective policies in terms of cost/benefits balance Specific objectives APICE final Conference Venice, 8 November 2012

Results section APICE final Conference Venice, 8 November 2012

Genoa 36x19km 2 Resolution: 1km x 1km Reference year: 2005 Thessaloniki 100x100km 2, Resolution: 2km x 2 km Reference year: 2008 PM10 emissions pie diagrams Barcelona 100x100km 2, Resolution: 50km x 50km, Reference year: 2008 Marseille 100x100km 2 Resolution: 1km x 1km Reference year: 2007 Venice 100x100km 2 Resolution: 4km x 4km Reference year: 2008 Local Emission inventories APICE final Conference Venice, 8 November 2012

6 Socio economic indicators Intercomparison of the 5 cities WP3.3 socio-economic trends

7 Intercomparison sampling in Marseille 25th January – 2nd March 2011 APICE final Conference Venice, 8 November 2012

Long monitoring campaign in Barcelona -PM 10, PM 2.5, PM 1, NOx, SO 2, H 2 S, Meteo real time measurements -PM 10 & PM 2.5 sampling using high-vol instruments (2 samples of each fraction per week) -Chemical characterization of samples -ICP-AES (Al, Fe, Ca, K, Na, Mg, S, P) - ICP-MS (Li, Be, Ti, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Ni, V, Sn, Sb, Cd, Pb, Bi, Th, U, Mo, Sr, Rb, Cr, As, Se, Ge, Ga, Zr, Hf, Ta, Tl, Rare earths, etc) - Ionic chromatography (SO 4 2-, NO 3 -, Cl - ). Electrode for NH OC and EC by Sunset

Marseille East Harbour West Harbour + indus. Area Sampling site (same of IC campaign) Long monitoring campaign in Marseille ~ 40 km Harbor/indus. environment Urban background environment Sampling strategy : - PM10 and PM2.5 (dichotomous sampler) - 1 year at urban background + 6 months in each Harbor/indus site - one sample / week (52x 2 sites x 2 size ranges = 208 samples) Analytical and SA strategies : - OC/EC, major ions, organic markers, metals/elements - CMB and PMF

Site1: Genoa city Urban Background Site2: Genoa Multedo Urban Background Site3: Genoa Bolzaneto Urban Background All samples: gravimetric + metals (ED-XRF) +EC/OC (Sunset) + Ions (chromatography). PMF analysis Long monitoring campaign in Genoa

11 Long monitoring campaign in Venice HA Harbour Area (Venice downtown, Giudecca island) UB Urban Background (Parco Bissuola) IB Industrial Background (Malcontenta) PM10PM2.5 SiteMassHM (PM10)MassIonsSVOCCtot HA110.5 (1) UB IB Ions Na, Cl, K, SO4, NO3, NH4, Mg, Ca Heavy Metals As, Ni, Pb, Cd, V, Cu, Zn, Al, Mn, Cr, Co, Sb, Sn, Tl, Fe SVOC PAHs, Alkanes, hopanes, steranes

PORT CITY HALL Long monitoring campaign in Thessaloniki APICE final Conference Venice, 8 November 2012

Long monitoring campaign outcomes APICE final Conference Venice, 8 November 2012

Source Apportionment by Chemical Transport Models APICE final Conference Venice, 8 November 2012

Source Apportionment by receptor models APICE final Conference Venice, 8 November 2012c

2011 ship emissions by ship categories and navigation phases Identification of risk activity

17 Scenarios analysis APICE final Conference Venice, 8 November 2012 Present time scenarios (base case run 2011) Future development scenarios (base future run) (BCN 2015; Ve, Th, Ge: 2020; Ms 2025) Future mitigation scenarios (future run + emissions mitigations)  Cold ironing for cruise ships or Ro-pax vessels  0.1% for sulfur content in fuels to be used also in manouvering phase  Scrubbers to be used in hotelling or manouvering phase  Use of LNG fuel  Displacement in different areas of harbour terminals  Chemical wetting agents to control the storage pile emissions

18 Model application and scenarios for port cities sustainable development strategies APICE final Conference Venice, 8 November 2012

Special thanks for the scientific coordination to: John G. Bartzis 3, Nicolas Marchand 4, Jorge Pey 5, Anastasia Poupkou 6, Paolo Prati 7 3 University of Western Macedonia, Dept of Mechanical Engineering, Env. Techn., Lab., Kozani, Greece 4 Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement,, Marseille, France 5 Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research –CSIC, Barcelona, Spain 6 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki-Lab. of Atmospheric Physics, Thessaloniki, Greece 7 University of Genoa & INFN, Dept. of Physics, Genoa, Italy