CBRN THREAT BRIEF 031UTD01 Prepared by:

ADMINISTRATIVE Safety Requirements: None Risk Assessment: Low Environmental Considerations: No major environmental impact, training entirely of a classroom nature with no major impact on the environment, equipment, or personnel. Evaluation: None

TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE Action: Identify the current threat environment and situations that U.S. Troops face today. Conditions: Given an instructor led discussion in a classroom environment. Standards: Identified the current threat Environment and situations that U.S. Troops face today to include;

TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE Identified locations of possible deployments or conflicts with enemies of the United States. Identified possible enemies with NBC capabilities Identified the different types of Chemical and Biological Agents

TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE Identified Protective measures Supervise unit for Nuclear attack Supervise unit for Biological attack Supervise unit for Chemical attack

How did this happen?

Russia Formerly the Soviet Union and head of the WARSAW PACT Sold weapons during the “cold war” to nations now having ties to terrorists Conditions so bad WMD’s found missing or for sale by soldiers on the black market

The Spread of Chemical Weapons 031UTD01

The Spread of Chemical Weapons 031UTD01

The Spread of Chemical Weapons 031UTD01

The Results China North Korea Iran 2000+ Nukes, Advanced Chemical Program Claims Limited Bio Program Possible 2-10 Nukes, Claims 200, 5000 Tons of Nerve, Blister, and Blood agents, Limited Bio Program, anthrax, plague, or yellow fever. Small Nuke power program, no known weapons, Limited Bio program, small chemical stockpile from Iran-Iraqi war

The Results Syria Sudan Russia No Nuke program Limited Bio Program Chemical arsenal includes VX gas and Sarin Dumping ground for other countries, No Nukes or Bio. Limited Chemical Program Large modern Nuke program, Surviving Bio program Continues, Worlds largest stockpile of Chemical Weapons

Summary/Check on Learning What was the major incident that propagated the spread of WMD? What are some countries that pose a major concern that posses WMD? The ending of the cold war and breakup of the Soviet Union China, North Korea, Iran, Syria, Russia, Sudan

Chemical VS Biological Chemical agents are typically manmade through the use of industrial chemical processes. Biological agents are either replicating agents (bacteria or viruses) or non replicating materials (toxins) that can be produced by living organisms.

CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS BLOOD HYDROGEN CYANIDE CHOKING CLORINE, PHOSGENE BLISTER MUSTARD, LEWISITE CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS CAN BE CLASSIFIED BY THEIR EFFECTS ON THE BODY. THESE AGENTS ARE BLOOD, CHOKING, BLISTER, AND NERVE. BLOOD AGENTS INTERFERE WITH THE TRANSFER OF OXYGEN, SUFFOCATING THE VICTIM. HYDROGEN CYANIDE IS A BLOOD AGENT WHICH KILLS QUICKLY AND DISSIPATES QUICKLY. CHOKING AGENTS DAMAGE THE LUNGS. BLISTER AGENTS CAUSE PAINFUL BLISTERS ON THE SKIN AND ARE ESPECIALLY DAMAGING WHEN INHALED. NERVE AGENTS ATTACK THE NERVOUS SYSTEM, CAUSING DIFFICULTY IN BREATHING, NAUSEA, DIM VISION, CONVULSIONS, AND DEATH. CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS CAN BE PERSISTENT OR NON-PERSISTENT. THE EFFECTS OF PERSISTENT AGENTS, SUCH AS MUSTARD OR VX, MAY LAST DAYS OR WEEKS. HYDROGEN CYANIDE AND SARIN ARE NON-PERSISTENT AGENTS. FOR EXAMPLE, SARIN EVAPORATES AT ABOUT THE SAME RATE AS WATER. SOME INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS ARE ALSO PROVEN CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS. THESE CHEMICALS, , LIKE HYDROGEN CYANIDE AND PHOSGENE, ARE PRODUCED IN INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL PLANTS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. (3/CHAP 2) NERVE NEW AGENTS SARIN, VX NOVICHOK

CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS Advantages Easy to produce with dual use technology Simple “homemade” agents available to terrorists, i.e. Sarin Easy to use on multiple targets and different delivery systems.

BIOLOGICAL WARFARE AGENTS BACTERIA TOXINS Anthrax Tularemia Botulinum Plague Saxitoxin Q-Fever Mycotoxin VIRUSES SEB VEE fever BIOLOGICAL WARFARE, OR BW, IS THE USE OF PATHOGENS OR TOXINS AS WEAPONS. PATHOGENS INCLUDE BACTERIA AND VIRUSES WHICH CAUSE DISEASES SUCH AS ANTHRAX, CHOLERA, AND PLAGUE. PATHOGENS AS WEAPONS WOULD BE USED AGAINST STRATEGIC TARGETS SUCH AS FOOD SUPPLIES, TROOP CONCENTRATIONS, AND POPULATION CENTERS TO CREATE PANIC AND DISRUPT MOBILIZATION PLANS. TOXINS ARE POISONS PRODUCED BY PATHOGENS, AND BY SNAKES, SPIDERS, SEA CREATURES AND PLANTS. BW RESEARCHERS CAN NOW PRODUCE SOME TOXINS THROUGH CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR THROUGH GENETIC ENGINEERING. TOXINS ARE FASTER ACTING AND MORE STABLE THAN LIVE PATHOGENS AND COULD BE USED AGAINST TACTICAL TARGETS. BIOLOGICAL WARFARE AGENTS INCLUDE ANTHRAX, PLAGUE, CHOLERA, SMALLPOX, TULAREMIA, Q FEVER, RICIN, AND BOTULINUM TOXIN. (9/70) BW STATES HIDE THEIR PROGRAMS UNDER THE GUISE OF LEGITIMATE MEDICAL RESEARCH. THERE IS LITTLE TO DISTINGUISH A VACCINE OR PHARMACEUTICAL PLANT FROM A BW FACILITY. BW PRODUCTION DOES NOT REQUIRE SPECIALIZED EQUIPMENT, NOR DO THREAT STATES NEED TO KEEP STOCKPILES OF BIOLOGICAL WARFARE AGENTS. THROUGH BIOTECHNOLOGY, THEY CAN QUICKLY PRODUCE THE QUANTITIES OF BW AGENT NEEDED FROM SMALL CULTURES. (2/A-3,4) Snake, spider, etc. Yellow fever Smallpox Hemorrhagic fever viruses

Biological Warfare Agents Advantages: No reliable detection devices available No recognizable signals to human exposure Can specifically target personnel, crops, livestock or specific kinds of material. Disadvantages: Ultimate consequences uncertain Potential for international outrage

Nonlethal Agents Riot Control Agents: Tear Gas Agents: CS, CN Vomiting Agents: Adamsite, Diphenyl Chloroarsine Incapacitants: Psychochemicals: LSD, BZ

Delivery Means NBC Delivery Systems: (1). Missiles (2). Rockets   (3). Bombs   (4). Artillery   (5). Mines   (6). Remote piloted vehicles   (7). Sprayers

Summary/Check on Learning What is the difference between chemical and biological agents? What are some chemical warfare agents? What are some delivery systems? Chemical agents are manmade, biological agents can be produced by living organisms Blood, Choking, Blister, Nerve Missiles, Rockets, Bombs, Artillery, Mines, RPV’s, Sprayers

Conventional NBC Targets Large numbers of Troops or military vehicles. Bridges and highways. Large fixed sites such as Airfields

Non-Conventional NBC Targets Targets Include: Agriculture Livestock Water supplies

Summary/Check on Learning What are some conventional targets? What are some non-conventional targets? Troops, vehicles, bridges, highways Agriculture, livestock, water supplies

ADVISE COMMANDER ON NBC THREAT

ADVISE COMMANDER ON NBC THREAT Estimate the unit's vulnerability to the NBC threat Analyze the enemy's position and capabilities on the battlefield Advise on the appropriate protective measures and MOPP level

ADVISE COMMANDER ON NUCLEAR THREAT First strike policy Methods of employment and delivery Targets of threat tactical nuclear strikes

ADVISE COMMANDER ON BIOLOGICAL THREAT Advise on the use of biological weapons: The United States will not use biological agents under any circumstances

ADVISE COMMANDER ON BIOLOGICAL THREAT Methods of employment and delivery: Airdropped packets Rockets Artillery Aircraft sprayers Saboteurs Mines Infected insects and rodents

ADVISE COMMANDER ON BIOLOGICAL THREAT Targets of threat biological weapons: Food supplies Water sources Troop concentrations and convoys Population centers

ADVISE COMMANDER ON BIOLOGICAL THREAT Types of threat biological weapons: Pathogens- Pathogens suitable for wartime use include bacteria. Viruses, rickettsia and fungi. Toxins- Toxins suitable for wartime use include botulism, tetanus and diphtheria.

ADVISE COMMANDER ON CHEMICAL THREAT Advise on the use of chemical weapons: US Armed forces will not use lethal or incapacitating chemical agents.

ADVISE COMMANDER ON CHEMICAL THREAT Methods of employment and delivery: Fixed-wing and rotary wing aircraft Rockets Surface-to-surface missiles Artillery Landmines

ADVISE COMMANDER ON CHEMICAL THREAT Targets of threat chemical attacks: Enemy positions in the forward battle area Enemy defenses and their flanks Nuclear delivery systems Headquarters Airfields Artillery position

ADVISE COMMANDER ON CHEMICAL THREAT Types of threat chemical agents: Nerve Choking Blister Blood Incapacitating Agents

ADVISE COMMANDER ON USE OF SMOKE Advise on the use of smoke: Used to attack and defeat specific enemy targets, sensors, target acquisition systems, weapon guidance systems, and other electro-optical devices.

ADVISE COMMANDER ON USE OF SMOKE Means of employment and delivery: Smoke Grenades Smoke Pots Smoke Generators Projected Smoke Vehicle engine exhaust smoke system (VEESS)

ADVISE COMMANDER ON USE OF SMOKE Smoke screens used by the threat: Blinding Smoke Camouflage Smoke Protective Smoke Decoy Smoke Signaling

ADVISE COMMANDER ON USE OF FLAME Advise on the use of flame: The use of weapons that employ fire, such as tracer ammunition, flamethrowers and other incendiary agents, against targets requiring their use is not a violation of international law.

ADVISE COMMANDER ON USE OF FLAME Means of employment and delivery: Rocket Launchers Incendiary grenades Flame Field Expedience

ADVISE COMMANDER ON USE OF FLAME Types of flame weapons: Rocket propelled napalm projectile Man-packed rifle type light flamethrower Cart-mounted heavy flamethrower Tank-mounted flamethrower

ADVISE COMMANDER ON THREAT NBC DEFENSE Reconnaissance assets Protective equipment Decontamination capabilities

CHECK ON LEARNING What are the types of threat Biological Weapons? Pathogens and Toxins What are the means of employment and delivery for the use of flame? Rockets, Incendiary Grenades, Flame Field Expedients

SUPERVISE UNIT PREPARATION FOR NBC ATTACK

INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION NUCLEAR - Ensure personnel are in shelters. - Ensure personnel cover all exposed skin.

POSITION NUCLEAR - Ensure terrain is used effectively. - Ensure shelter provides the best protection.

MATERIAL NUCLEAR - Ensure supplies, equipment and vehicles are dispersed. - Ensure existing cover provides protection and park vans opposite of prevailing winds. - Keep flammable debris to a minimum. - Ensure all food and water are sealed and covered. - Disconnect all power cables. - Store all electronics not in use.

UNIT NUCLEAR - ENSURE OPERATORS OF NUCLEAR DETECTION EQUIPMENT PREPARE THE EQUIPMENT FOR USE.

CHECK ON LEARNING Prior to a suspected nuclear attack, what steps would you complete to protect your water and food supplies? Ensure all food and water are sealed tightly in containers and secured under available covered.

INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION BIO - Coordinate with medical personnel. - Ensure personnel practice good hygiene and field sanitation. - Ensure soldiers are in good physical condition. - Button up and cover exposed skin. - Check protective mask and individual equipment. - Coordinate with supply personnel.

POSITION BIO Ensure terrain is used effectively. Ensure the shelter provides the best protection.

MATERIAL BIO - Ensure equipment and supplies not used are covered. - Ensure all food and water are sealed and covered. - Ensure equipment and supplies not used are covered. - Ensure vans are parked opposite of prevailing winds.

UNIT BIO - Ensure operators of biological sampling kits are ready and Chemical detectors are prepared for use.

CHECK ON LEARNING What type of shelter provides the best protection from the effects of a Biological agent attack? Covered foxholes, Field expedient cover, buildings, tents and armored vehicles

INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION CHEMICAL - Ensure soldiers are in good physical condition. - Check protective equipment. - Assume appropriate MOPP level. - Ensure individuals seek overhead cover. - Ensure antidotes and decontamination kits are available.

POSITION CHEM - Ensure terrain is used effectively. - Ensure shelter provides the best protection.

MATERIAL CHEM Ensure all equipment, supplies and vehicles are dispersed. Ensure vans are parked opposite of prevailing winds. - Keep all food and water sealed and covered.

UNIT CHEM - Ensure Chemical detection equipment is prepared for operation.

CHECK ON LEARNING What do you need to ensure for individual protection for a chemical attack? Ensure soldiers are in good physical condition, check protective equipment for serviceability, assume appropriate MOPP level, seek overhead cover and ensure decon and antidote kits are available.

SUMMARY