GEOL Crises of a Planet Lab 11 - Air Pollution

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Presentation transcript:

GEOL 108 - Crises of a Planet Lab 11 - Air Pollution Nov. 13 - 16, 2012 Department of Earth Sciences

QUIZ 9 REVIEW Label the wells in the figure below with the appropriate letter, using each letter once. Draw a dashed line representing a possible potentiometric surface. REVIEW | 2 Department of Earth Sciences

QUIZ 9 REVIEW In last week’s demonstration, in what direction did groundwater flow in the groundwater model (the ant farm up front). REVIEW | 3 Department of Earth Sciences

QUIZ 9 REVIEW Extreme ground subsidence has occurred in the San Joaquin Valley, California, causing the land surface to drop up to 30 feet in elevation. How might this occur by over pumping of the aquifer? Bonus: The geologist president REVIEW | 4 Department of Earth Sciences

+ = LAB 11 - AIR POLLUTION Pleet-vitch-kie Department of Earth Sciences

AIR POLLUTION IN HISTORY St. Louis - 1939 AIR POLLUTION | 6 Department of Earth Sciences

AIR POLLUTION IN HISTORY London - 1952 6-12,000 killed AIR POLLUTION | 7 Department of Earth Sciences

AIR POLLUTION IN HISTORY Beijing Olympics 2008 AIR POLLUTION | 8 Department of Earth Sciences

AIR POLLUTION AROUND THE WORLD NO2 around the world Leads to production of ozone in the lower atmosphere AIR POLLUTION | 9 Department of Earth Sciences

PARTICULATE MATTER Tiny bits of solid or liquid suspended in a gas Linked to asthma, lung cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory disease, birth defects. PM10 refers to particles less than 10 microns (1 x 10-5 meters) The smallest particles can pass through cell membranes AIR POLLUTION | 10 Department of Earth Sciences

POLLUTION COMPOSITION AIR POLLUTION | 11 Department of Earth Sciences

ALTERNATIVE FUELS Compressed Natural Gas Compared to diesel buses, reduces emissions of particulates by 90%, carbon monoxide by 80%, and greenhouse gases by 20% AIR POLLUTION | 12 Department of Earth Sciences

ALTERNATIVE FUELS Hydrogen Car emits only water vapor, but the most common source for hydrogen is natural gas, which releases greenhouse gases during production. Additional challenges with building infrastructure. Existing hydrogen fueling stations in LA AIR POLLUTION | 13 Department of Earth Sciences

AIR POLLUTION IN LOS ANGELES Geography and climate of LA enhances smog effect Though air temperature usually decreases with elevation in the troposphere, this is not the case in Los Angeles Layer of warm air above city prevents normal circulation Typically sunny days initiates reactions that create smog http://rustylopez.typepad.com/imagoarticulus/2007/02/inversion_layer.html Ritter, Michael E. The Physical Environment: an Introduction to Physical Geography. AIR POLLUTION | 14 Department of Earth Sciences