2nd BRICS workshop, Rio de Janeiro, 25-27 April 2007 South Africa’s NIS in BRICS Jo Lorentzen HSRC, Cape Town

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2nd BRICS workshop, Rio de Janeiro, April 2007 South Africa’s NIS in BRICS Jo Lorentzen HSRC, Cape Town

Outline South Africa’s NIS: fact… …and fiction People and resources in innovation research in SA Towards a BRICS NIS agenda  5-country comparative research or  integrated, horizontal programme BRICS linkages: a first take A walk on the wild side: EU FP7

Evolution of the policy environment for the knowledge economy and the NIS GOALS: Global competitiveness Equitable socio-economic development POLICY: White Paper on Science and Technology (1996) GENERIC INSTRUMENTS: Innovation Fund THRIP SPII TECHNOLOGY PLATFORMS: Biotechnology ICT New materials TEN-YEAR S&T PLAN ( ) Hydrogen economy, farmer-to- pharma, space, global shifts

Our understanding of BRICS NISs represents only 6-7% of knowledge of NISs worldwide. Articles cited in ISI, SubjectBrazilChinaIndiaRussiaSABRICSWorld NIS Technological learning ,043 Innovation indicators Total ,730

Contribution by BRICS to global knowledge not commensurate with economic importance. ISI country rankings by publication, RankCountryPapersCitationsCit./pap. 13China422,9931,646, Russia286,1941,082, India211,063858, Brazil130,065682, SA43,012270, ?BRICS1,093,3274,540, USA2,907,59240,400,

The Usual Suspects: In SA, few people with limited resources analyse the NIS InstitutionPrincipal output Dep. of S&T: National Advisory Council of Innovation (NACI) Commissions research HSRC: Education, Science and Skills Development; Knowledge Systems Techn. learning, UILs, R&D Survey, Innovation Survey TUT: Institute for Economic Research on Innovation Globelics 2005, African Peer Review Mechanism, UILs UCT-GSB: Centre for Innovation and Entrepreneurship Investment Climate Survey, Global Entrepreneurship Monitor UP: Institute for Technological Innovation Country rankings US: Centre for Research on Science & Technology SA Knowledge Base

Pursuing BRICS-wide research as opposed to deepening national studies implies a trade-off. Trade-off hinges on two questions: 1. Do we know enough about individual countries to do anything other than ex-post comparisons? 2. Is BRICS an economic reality or merely a fashionable acronym?  Extent and depth of intra-BRICS linkages Trade and investment Movement of people S&T cooperation

Example: Internationalisation of R&D and innovation systems DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPED COUNTRIES FDI, trade, S&T agreemts, people Knowledge I R C B S

Intra-BRICS trade is important. Technological learning in low tech > catch-up in high tech. BRICS share in world economy (2005 or most recent available) GDPXHi-tech X MBRICS/ M ODIIDI Brazil Russia India China SA BRICS

The exact extent of research cooperation and intra-BRICS people movement is not clear. Share in global knowledge flows: not much happening in BRICS? PatentsRoyalties MigrationR&DNon-res.Res.PubsOutIn Brazil Russia India China SA BRICS

Hierarchy of official S&T cooperation: some BRICS, but how much mortar? IT, health/ medicine, defence Agri-/acquaculture, geology and mineral resources, HRD Space, biofuels/renewables Standards, radio&TV, metgallurgy&steel, ocean S&T, SARAS duet, laser S&T, seismology, high-purity materials, ayurveda, telecom, antarctic cooperation, endangered species, animal health