The Ten-Year Innovation Plan for South Africa: Opportunities for International Partnerships International Conference on Scientific and Technological Innovation: National Experience and International Cooperation Novotneho Lavka, 5, Prague, Czech Republic, 21 May 2009 Vuyani Lingela, General Manager, International Cooperation and Research

Contents Innovation Policy Landscape Economic Transformation – towards a knowledge-based economy SA’s “Grand Challenges” Innovation as a National Imperative Innovation Instruments Human Capital Development S&T Across Government Conclusion

Policy landscape OECD Review of SA NSI 10Yr Innovation Plan Creation NSI SWOT Benchmarked OECD Review of SA NSI New public S&T missions Biotechnology ICT Advanced manufacturing Astronomy 10Yr Innovation Plan Creation of DST Developing the NSI R&D Strategy S&T missions Knowledge-based economy Grand challenges Human capital development S&T White Paper 1996 2002 2004 2007

Towards a Knowledge Economy KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY RESOURCE-BASED ECONOMY

The Knowledge Economy The Four Pillars of the Knowledge Economy

Towards a Knowledge Economy Knowledge is the basic form of capital for Innovation Knowledge generation, accumulation and exploitation Economic growth is driven by Innovation Key driver for Innovation is “high-end” human capital: PhD PhD as the key foundation for achieving the objectives of the National System of Innovation (NSI)

Economic & Scientific Wealth Source: DA King, Nature 430 (2004) 311 (15 July 2004)

The Ten-Year Innovation Plan Enablers Farmer to pharma Human & social science Global change Energy Space science Technology development and innovation Human capital - Centres of excellence, South African research chairs initiative, professional development programme, etc. Knowledge infrastructure – Science councils, state-owned enterprises, global projects Cross- cutting enablers Grand challenges

Farmer to Pharmaceutical For South Africa’s biotechnology industry to grow, a number of critical factors need to be satisfied, including: Greater networking and collaboration (domestic and international) across all sectors (academia, science councils, industry and government) The development of business skills to help identify viable projects A clearer strategic focus on selected platforms and markets Improved funding mechanisms to close the gap between basic research and commercialisation; and shorter turnaround times between application and receipt of funding Investment in platforms (including infrastructure) to bridge the gap between research and commercial Implementation South Africa has a range of natural

Societal benefits of space science Disasters - Reducing loss of life and property from natural and human-induced disasters Health - Understanding environmental factors affecting human health Energy - Managing energy resources Climate variability and change - Adapting to climate variability and change Water - Improving resource management Weather - Improving forecasting and warning Protection of ecosystems - Improved management of terrestrial, coastal, and marine resources Agriculture - Supporting sustainable agriculture and combating desertification Conserving biodiversity - Understanding, monitoring, and conserving biodiversity

Space industry

Major R&D Thrusts Energy Clean coal Nuclear technologies in support Eskom Build Programme Renewables (Special focus on Solar technologies) Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies

Societal benefits of earth observation SAEOSS GEOSS is a global distributed system, including satellite observation systems, Global in situ networks and systems, And local and regional in situ networks. GEOSS will deliver the benefits of EO to both data & information providers and consumers world wide.

Human and social science In today’s world, behaviour, science and technology are deeply intertwined, The socioeconomic problems that we face require focused work by teams of cross-disciplinary experts; Technologies cannot be developed without giving thought to how they will affect and be received by human beings. to increase our ability to anticipate the complex consequences of change; to better understand the dynamics of human and social behaviour at all levels; to better understand the cognitive and social structures that create and define change; and to help people and organisations better manage profound or rapid change.

Innovation Instruments Bridging the “Innovation Chasm” TIA Production & Commercialisation Knowledge Production Development

Basic Applied Tech Develop Transfer & Proliferation DOE/NRF NRF/DST Research Chairs PGP & HCD instruments RISA instruments COEs Centres of Competency Basic Applied Tech Develop Transfer & Proliferation DOE/NRF NRF/DST DST/TIA PBF/DTI Innovation Fund BRICs SPII & PII SEDA Khula IDC Publications/new knowledge Patents/new knowledge products

TIA PBF Basic Applied Tech Develop Transfer & Proliferation NRF IDC Specialist Research Funds Venture Capital International Research Funds SEDA PBF Publications/new knowledge Patents/new knowledge products

Competency Centres TI Fund IP Support Hydrogen Economy BRICS AMI AMTS Venture Capital Access Enterprise Development Competency Centres Hydrogen Economy BRICS AMI AMTS

Human Capital Development Increase the number of knowledge workers: Researchers Increase the productivity of researchers Address inequalities: Race, gender, regional & institutional distribution Introducing appropriate Innovation Instruments in the National System of Innovation

Knowledge-based Economies

Strategic Positioning South Africa In 2026 (20 yrs) A 5 x increase to present situation IN WHICH LEAGUE DO WE WANT TO PLAY? Country Factor China?? X 0.34 India?? X 0.44 Brazil X 1.9 Taiwan X 2.3 Japan X 4.9 USA X 6.1 South Korea X 6.8 UK X 8.2 Australia X 9.7 South Africa In 2026 (20yrs) A 10 x increase to future situation

Points of leverage from current situation < 10% proceed from a basic degree to pursue honours 2. Only 19% proceed from Masters to Doctoral studies 1 2 HG Maths and Science ~ per yr Existing National SET pipeline (2005) SET graduation rates ~per yr Hons grad rates~ per yr Masters ~ per yr (incl. coursework) PhD’s ~ per yr 26,000 33,500 3,200 2,900 561

Research Outputs (International Comparison)

Research Outputs (Patents)

Conclusions ICSTI Member Sates Grand Challenges Innovation Actors Higher Education Research Institutions Industry Government/Public Institutions Grand Challenges Farmer to pharmer Sapce science Energy Global change Human and Social science Innovation Actors Higher Education Research Institutions Industry Government/Public Institutions South African National Resources

THANK YOU Vuyani Lingela, General Manager: International Cooperation and Research, Department of Science and Technology Email: Vuyani.Lingela@dst.gov.za Tel: +27 12 843 6517, Cell: +27 82 600 4722, Fax: +27 86 681 0051 Postal Address: Private Bag X 894, Pretoria 0001, South Africa Physical Address: Building 53, Meiring Naude Road, CSIR Campus, Pretoria 0184, South Africa