Unit 4 Technology, Western Migration and Indian Removal: 1790-1840

Essential Question What major factors influenced the growth of Georgia from 1790 to 1840? Role of technology Growth of population and land policies Education and religion

Part 1: Technology and Migration 1. What two methods were used by the state of Georgia to distribute (allocate) land in the early 19th century? Economic Term: allocate

Answer: The head-right system and the land lottery.

Question 2. What were the goals of the land policies pursued by Georgia during this time period?

Answer Attract settlers by giving away vast tracts of land. Indian removal (mostly Creeks and Cherokees)

Question: 3. What was the impact of the Yazoo Land fraud? or How did Georgia’s western boundary become the Chattahoochee River?

Yazoo Land Fraud Map

Answer: The state legislature lost the trust of the people In 1802 Georgia ceded (gave up) its western territories to the federal government for 1.25 million dollars. The Chattahoochee River became the state’s western boundary.

Describe the effects of the Louisiana Purchase In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson purchased the territory known as Louisiana from Napoleon Bonaparte of France thus doubling the size of the country. Did introduce troubling issues such as the status of slavery in the territory.

The Louisiana Purchase

Question 5. What does it mean to cede land? (land cession)

Answer To give away or sell land (usually the land cession is a result of force after some event such as compensation for a lost war).

Question 6. Who invented the cotton gin and what did it do? How did it increase the need for labor?

Answer Eli Whitney (1793) Removed the seeds from cotton Made growing cotton profitable Increased demand for labor to harvest cotton Labor need met with increased number of slaves (by 1860 almost ½ of population) Economic terms: productivity, demand

Question 7. Why was cotton called “king” in the Antebellum South?

Answer Because of progress or innovation in technology, such as the cotton gin and steam power, the South soon became the source for most of the world’s cotton (textiles). The South sold cotton to an increasingly industrial Northeast but, its biggest customer was Britain.

Railroads 8. What effect did the new railroad technology have on Georgia’s economy and population?

Answer Allowed for more efficient transportation of goods and cash crops (mostly cotton) Encouraged settlement by immigrants Speeded up Indian removal Increased demand for slave labor

Question 9. What year was the University of Georgia founded? What was special about this?

Answer 1785 It was the first land-grant university in the US (that means it was paid for by the government with taxpayer money which makes it the first public university).

Religion in Georgia 10. What were the two primary religions in post-revolutionary Georgia? What role did circuit riders play in the growth of religion in Georgia?

Answer Religion strongly influenced Georgia’s growth – church membership increased – by the 1830s, the majority were Baptist or Methodists (Protestants). The Methodist church used circuit riders, ministers who would ride from small town to small town and preach.

Part 2: Indian Removal

Essential Question What major factors influenced the growth of Georgia from 1790 to 1840? Indian Removal and Andrew Jackson

Question What was the Indian Removal Act and which president signed it into law?

Answer Became law in 1830 and authorized the President to remove Indian tribes from the east to the west beyond the Mississippi River. The President was Andrew Jackson (1828-1836).

Andrew Jackson(Old Hickory) What US bill is he on?

What Indian Nation was removed during the Trail of Tears in 1838?

3.How did the Cherokees live? Written language (syllabary) Newspaper (The Phoenix) Government modeled on US constitution Cherokee capital located at New Echota. Homes and implements (furniture, dishes etc.) Farm economy Some Cherokees owned slaves

4.Write your own title

4.Write a title

5.Worcester v. Georgia (1832) Facts: White missionaries working in the Cherokee nation sued the state in federal court claiming Georgia had no legal authority in the Indian nation. Supreme court agreed with plaintiffs and ruled that there was in fact a sovereign Cherokee nation. President Jackson refused to enforce the ruling of the court.

John Marshall

6.Question: How did the Supreme Court case Worcester v. Georgia (1832) demonstrate the hopelessness or futility of the Indians position in Georgia?

Answer: The Cherokees won a decision in the highest court in the land that said Georgia had no power in the Cherokee nation. They were removed anyway because the President of the US refused to enforce the decision (Andrew Jackson had signed the Indian Removal Act in 1830). Demonstrates the power of the executive branch and the relative weakness of the Indians as a minority.

7.Question: During the first Industrial Revolution, what technologies transformed the American economy and what was their main effect on Georgia?

Answer: The steam engine, the cotton gin, the locomotive and the steamboat were responsible for greatly transforming the American economy. Promoted the western migration of Americans, speeded up the removal of the Indians. Increased the number of slaves in the South and increased the size of the population in Georgia. Led to the development of transportation infrastructure and the growth of capitalism.

8.Question: What event occurred near Dahlonega in 1828 that speeded up the removal of the Cherokee?

Answer: The gold (Au) rush. What economic term explains the migration of gold miners into North Georgia in 1828?

9.Question: What was Atlanta’s first name and how does it demonstrate Atlanta’s connection to transportation?

Answer: Terminus. It was the name on an engineers map for the end of the Western Atlantic RR track. Railroads would be responsible for both the birth and destruction of Atlanta and transportation the ongoing reason for the growth of the city.

The Cost of Progress What is progress? What is innovation? What is cost? List at least 2 examples of progress or innovation from our current unit of study (1790-1840). Examine the following for examples of this idea.

Enrichment Examine the following paintings. Describe what you see. List examples of progress. Then list some corresponding costs of that progress.

George Innes: Lackawanna Valley

The Cost of Progress Provide a modern example of progress. List some costs of that progress. Question: Can we have progress without social costs?

People to know from Unit 4: Alexander McGillivray William Mcintosh Sequoyah John Ross Andrew Jackson John Marshall (define on your own)

SALMA…what? Follow instructions on the note sheet.