Cell Structure Study Guide

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Presentation transcript:

Cell Structure Study Guide Plant & Animal Cell Organelle Labeling

Cell Theory Cells are the building blocks of all living things can be single-celled (called protozoa) can be multi-celled, where they have a specific function All life processes take place in cells Energy production Growth & reproduction New cells are produced from existing ones Cells divide into 2, then into 2 more… =exponential growth

Parts of a Cell Organelles = structures that perform specific functions in cells Cytoplasm = clear fluid surrounding organelles Differences between Plant & Animal Cells: Cell wall (plants) Large single vacuole (plants) Chloroplasts (plants)

Plant Cell Nuclear membrane Cell wall Nucleus Nuclear pore DNA controls what enters and leaves the nucleus Cell wall Nucleus Control Center Nuclear pore DNA Provides cell instructions for reproduction Nucleolus regulates all cell activity by controlling the enzymes present. Cell Membrane Controls what substances enter & leave cell Rough ER* Chloroplast Make sugars for food Smooth ER* *ER : produces proteins and lipids for the cell's organelles Rough contains Ribosomes Cytoplasm Clear fluid Golgi apparatus FedEx: Transport System Microtubules Structural basis of the cells, used in mitosis Vacuole Stores nutrients and waste Mitochondria Creates energy Ribosomes Make Proteins

Animal Cell Nucleus Pore Chromosomes Nuclear membrane Microtubules *ER : produces proteins and lipids for the cell's organelles Rough contains Ribosomes Chromosomes Contain DNA Nucleus Pore Nuclear membrane controls what enters and leaves the nucleus Microtubules Structural basis of the cells, used in mitosis Nucleus Control Center Cell Membrane Controls what substances enter & leave cell Nucleolus regulates all cell activity by controlling the enzymes present. Centriole Pull apart chromosoes during mitosis Rough ER* Mitochondria Creates energy Golgi apparatus FedEx: Transport System Vacuoles Stores nutrients and waste Cytoplasm Clear fluid Smooth ER* Ribosomes Make Proteins

Cell Family Tree Cells Prokaryote Bacteria Eukaryote Protozoa Plant Animal

Eukaryote have a nucleus (protists, fungi, plants, and animals)

Prokaryote lack a nucleus (most bacteria)

Multicellular Organisms: 5 Structural Levels of Organization Organ System Organ Tissue Cell building block of life Perform a specific function Perform a specific job – made of at least 2 types of tissue Complete living thing that relies on cells for life functions

Specialized Cells Muscle Cell Nerve Cell Blood Cells