Chapter Measuring the Cost of Living 16. The Consumer Price Index Consumer price index (CPI) – Measure of the overall cost of goods & services – Bought.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Mr. Bammel AP Macroeconomics Inflation (adapted from South-Western Publishing 2004) In other words… I didnt write this. I just copied and pasted.
Advertisements

Copyright©2004 South-Western 11 Measuring the Cost of Living.
AP Macroeconomics Inflation (adapted from South-Western Publishing 2004)
Welcome To Macroeconomics Econ 2301 Dr. Jacobson Mr. Stuckey Chapter 7 Chapter 7.
Measuring the Cost of Living
Measuring the Cost of Living Chapter 24 Copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the.
Measuring the Cost of Living Chapter 23 Copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the.
Measuring the Cost of Living
Measuring the Cost of Living
In this chapter, look for the answers to these questions:
© 2007 Thomson South-Western, all rights reserved N. G R E G O R Y M A N K I W PowerPoint ® Slides by Ron Cronovich 16 E S S E N T I A L S O F F O U R.
© 2009 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning, all rights reserved C H A P T E R Measuring the Cost of Living E conomics P R I N C I P L E S O F N.
Measuring the Cost of Living
Chapter 11 Measuring the Cost of Living
Measuring the Cost of Living-6
N. G R E G O R Y M A N K I W Premium PowerPoint ® Slides by Ron Cronovich 2008 update © 2008 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning, all rights reserved.
Principles of Macroeconomics: Ch 11 Second Canadian Edition Chapter 11 Measuring The Cost of Living © 2002 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.
© 2008 Thomson South-Western, all rights reserved N. G R E G O R Y M A N K I W Premium PowerPoint ® Slides by Ron Cronovich 2007 update 11 P R I N C I.
© 2007 Thomson South-Western. Measuring the Cost of Living Inflation ( 物價膨脹 ) refers to a situation in which the economy ’ s overall price level is rising.
Measuring the Cost of Living
Measuring the Cost of Living Week 3 1Pengantar Ekonomi 2.
1 Objective – Students will be able to answer questions regarding inflation. SECTION 1 Chapter 7- Inflation © 2001 by Prentice Hall, Inc.
In this chapter, look for the answers to these questions:
© 2007 Thomson South-Western. Last Chapter … In the last chapter, we looked at how economists use GDP to measure the quantity of goods and services that.
Measuring the Cost of Living
PowerPoint Slides prepared by: Andreea CHIRITESCU Eastern Illinois University Measuring the Cost of Living 1 © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
CPI Define It: Overall cost of Goods and services Bought by typical consumer Compare components of CPI to GDP.
Copyright©2004 South-Western Measuring the Cost of Living.
© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license.
Copyright©2004 South-Western 24 Measuring the Cost of Living.
Measuring the Cost of Living
AP Macroeconomics. Measuring the Cost of Living Inflation ( π ) –occurs when the economy’s overall price level is rising. Inflation Rate ( π %) –the percentage.
CHAPTER 24 MEASURING THE COST OF LIVING.  Inflation  Inflation refers to a situation in which the economy’s overall price level is rising. inflation.
HOW IS THE CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CALCULATED?. How the Consumer Price Index Is Calculated Fix the Basket: Determine what products are most important to.
N. G R E G O R Y M A N K I W Premium PowerPoint ® Slides by Ron Cronovich 2008 update © 2008 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning, all rights reserved.
The Consumer Price Index (CPI)
Harcourt Brace & Company MEASURING THE COST OF LIVING Chapter 24.
Inflation.. Measuring the Cost of Living Inflation ( π ) –occurs when the economy’s overall price level is rising. Inflation Rate ( π %) –the percentage.
0 Unit 2 Test Review The Components of GDP Real versus Nominal GDP Inflation The Consumer Price Index (CPI) Real Interest Rate Business Cycles Unemployment.
Copyright©2004 South-Western 24 Measuring the Cost of Living.
Economics INFLATION and Its AFFECTS. Measuring the Cost of Living Inflation ( π ) –occurs when the economy’s overall price level is rising. Inflation.
Economics. Measuring the Cost of Living Inflation ( π ) –occurs when the economy’s overall price level is rising. Inflation Rate ( π %) –the percentage.
© 2007 Thomson South-Western, all rights reserved N. G R E G O R Y M A N K I W PowerPoint ® Slides by Ron Cronovich 24 P R I N C I P L E S O F F O U R.
Measuring the Cost of Living 1. The Consumer Price Index Consumer price index (CPI) –Measure of the overall level of prices –Measure of the overall cost.
Measuring the Cost of Living
11 Measuring the Cost of Living. InflationInflation – increase in overall price level Deflation – decrease in overall price level Disinflation – decrease.
Copyright©2004 South-Western 24 Measuring the Cost of Living.
PowerPoint Slides prepared by: Andreea CHIRITESCU Eastern Illinois University Measuring the Cost of Living 1 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
MEASURING THE COST OF LIVING 0. 1 The Consumer Price Index (CPI)  measures the typical consumer’s cost of living  Overall cost of goods and services.
Measuring the Cost of Living. u Inflation refers to a situation in which the economy’s overall price level is rising. u The inflation rate is the percentage.
© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license.
Chapter 6 Measuring the Cost of Living 1. 2 In this chapter, look for the answers to these questions:  What is the Consumer Price Index (CPI)? How is.
In this chapter, look for the answers to these questions:
N. Gregory Mankiw Macroeconomics Principles of Sixth Edition 11.
Measuring the Cost of Living
Measuring the Cost of Living
Chapter 24 Measuring the Cost of Living!.
Measuring the Cost of Living
Measuring the Cost of Living
Measuring the Cost of Living
Measuring the Cost of Living
In this chapter, look for the answers to these questions:
Measuring the Cost of Living
Measuring the Cost of Living
Measuring the Cost of Living
Measuring the Cost of Living
Measuring the Cost of Living
Measuring the Cost of Living
PowerPoint Slides prepared by: Andreea CHIRITESCU
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
Presentation transcript:

Chapter Measuring the Cost of Living 16

The Consumer Price Index Consumer price index (CPI) – Measure of the overall cost of goods & services – Bought by a typical consumer How the consumer price index is calculated 1.Fix the basket 2.Find the prices 3.Compute the basket’s cost 2

The Consumer Price Index How the consumer price index is calculated 4.Chose a base year and compute the CPI Price of basket of goods & services in current year Divided by price of basket in base year Times Compute the inflation rate Percentage change in the price index from the preceding period 3

Table Calculating the CPI and the inflation rate: an example 1 4 Step 1: Survey consumers to determine a fixed basket of goods Basket = 4 hot dogs, 2 hamburgers Step 2: Find the price of each good in each year YearPrice of hot dogsPrice of hamburgers $1 2 3 $2 3 4 Step 3: Compute the cost of the basket of goods in each year ($1 per hot dog × 4 hot dogs) + ($2 per hamburger × 2 hamburgers) = $8 per basket ($2 per hot dog × 4 hot dogs) + ($3 per hamburger × 2 hamburgers) = $14 per basket ($3 per hot dog × 4 hot dogs) + ($4 per hamburger × 2 hamburgers) = $20 per basket Step 4: Choose one year as a base year (2008) and compute the CPI in each year ($8 / $8) × 100 = 100 ($14 / $8) × 100 = 175 ($20 / $8) × 100 = 250 Step 5: Use the consumer price index to compute the inflation rate from previous year (175 – 100) / 100 × 100 = 75% (250 – 175) / 175 × 100 = 43%

Figure The typical basket of goods and services 1 5 This figure shows how the typical consumer divides spending among various categories of goods and services. The Bureau of Labor Statistics calls each percentage the “relative importance” of the category.

The Consumer Price Index Problems in measuring the cost of living – Substitution bias – Introduction of new goods – Unmeasured quality change 6

MEASURING THE COST OF LIVING 7 Correcting Variables for Inflation: Comparing Dollar Figures from Different Times Inflation makes it harder to compare dollar amounts from different times. Example: the minimum wage – $1.15 in Dec 1964 – $5.85 in Dec 2007 Did min wage have more purchasing power in Dec 1964 or Dec 2007? To compare, use CPI to convert 1964 figure into “today’s dollars”…

MEASURING THE COST OF LIVING 8 In our example, – year T = 12/1964, “today” = 12/2007 – Min wage = $1.15 in year T – CPI = 31.3 in year T, CPI = today Correcting Variables for Inflation: Comparing Dollar Figures from Different Times Amount in today’s dollars Amount in year T dollars Price level today Price level in year T = x $7.78 $ = x The minimum wage in 1964 was $7.78 in today’s (2007) dollars.

MEASURING THE COST OF LIVING 9 Correcting Variables for Inflation: Comparing Dollar Figures from Different Times Researchers, business analysts and policymakers often use this technique to convert a time series of current- dollar (nominal) figures into constant-dollar (real) figures. They can then see how a variable has changed over time after correcting for inflation. Example: the minimum wage, from Jan 1950 to Dec 2007…

The U.S. Minimum Wage in Current Dollars and Today’s Dollars, $ per hour $0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $ current dollars 2007 dollars

Annual tuition and fees, average of all public four-year colleges & universities in the U.S. – : $1,414 (1986 CPI = 109.6) – : $5,834 (2006 CPI = 203.8) After adjusting for inflation, did students pay more for college in 1986 or in 2006? Convert the 1986 figure to 2006 dollars and compare. A C T I V E L E A R N I N G 4 Converting to “today’s dollars” 11

A C T I V E L E A R N I N G 4 Answers 12 Solution Convert 1986 figure into “today’s dollars” $1,414 x (203.8/109.6) = $2,629 Even after correcting for inflation, tuition and fees were much lower in 1986 than in 2006! Annual tuition and fees, average of all public four-year colleges & universities in the U.S. – : $1,414 (1986 CPI = 109.6) – : $5,834 (2006 CPI = 203.8)

MEASURING THE COST OF LIVING 13 Correcting Variables for Inflation: Indexation For example, the increase in the CPI automatically determines – the COLA in many multi-year labor contracts – the adjustments in Social Security payments and federal income tax brackets A dollar amount is indexed for inflation if it is automatically corrected for inflation by law or in a contract.

MEASURING THE COST OF LIVING 14 Correcting Variables for Inflation: Real vs. Nominal Interest Rates The nominal interest rate: – the interest rate not corrected for inflation – the rate of growth in the dollar value of a deposit or debt The real interest rate: – corrected for inflation – the rate of growth in the purchasing power of a deposit or debt Real interest rate = (nominal interest rate) – (inflation rate)

MEASURING THE COST OF LIVING 15 Correcting Variables for Inflation: Real vs. Nominal Interest Rates Example: – Deposit $1,000 for one year. – Nominal interest rate is 9%. – During that year, inflation is 3.5%. – Real interest rate = Nominal interest rate – Inflation = 9.0% – 3.5% = 5.5% – The purchasing power of the $1000 deposit has grown 5.5%.

MEASURING THE COST OF LIVING 16 Real and Nominal Interest Rates in the U.S.,