Kingdom Animalia

Review of the Six Kingdoms Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

The Nature of Animals Multicellular Eukaryotic Lack Cell Walls Heterotrophic Sexual reproduction Movement (some) Specialization (some) Over 1.2 million species know and classified

Origin and Classification From the sea Colonial Protists (Choanoflagellate) Phylogeny based on morphology

Body Structure Patterns of Symmetry ___________________ Dorsal Ventral Anterior posterior

Embryonic Germ Layers Fundamental tissue types found in the embryo – ________________ Skin & coverings, nervous system – ________________ Circulation, muscle, internal organs (bone) – ________________ Digestive tract or gut _______________ = 2 germ layers _______________ = 3 germ layers

Body Cavities _________________ Fluid-filled space that forms between the digestive tract and the outer wall of the body during development Can aid in movement and as a reservoir for transporting nutrients and wastes

Fertilization & Development Gametes – Egg and sperm Fertilization – ____________ – Mitosis – Cleavage _____________

Blastula formation & Stem Cells

Patterns of Development ____________________ Schizocoely Spiral cleavage Blastophore  _________ Determinite _____________________ Enterocoely Radial cleavage Blastophore  _________ Indeterminite!

The 9 Major Animal Kingdom Phyla Porifera Cnidaria Ctenophora Platyhelminthes Nematoda Rotifera Annelida Mollusca Arthropoda Echinodermata Chordata

Animal Phylogeny Tree

Invertebrates

Invertebrate Characteristics All forms of symmetry Segmentation - some Body support - exoskeleton Systems – Respiratory – simple diffusion to gills – Circulatory – open and closed – Digestive – cellular or gut – Excretory – simple diffusion to nephridia – Nervous – none to ___________________ – Reproduction – sexual, budding, and hermaphrodites – Endocrine – hormone regulation – Muscular – none to strong muscles

Porifera Subkingdom – ______________ Aquatic sponge Sessile as adults 1 cm-2 m diameter Body Plan – no symmetry Choanocytes _____________________ osculum _____________________ Calcium carbonate Silica Filter feeding Amebocytes Regeneration, budding, hermaphrodites, larva and gemmules

Cnidarians Subkingdom __________________ Hydra, jellyfish, coral and sea anemones Radial symmetry Tissues and simple organs Fresh and Ocean environments Medusa & Polyp forms Cnidocyte w/ nematocyst _______________________ Classes: Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa and Anthozoa

Important Cnidarian Structures

Ctenophora Marine Comb jelly Rows of beating cilia along outside Water beats to move _______________ for defense ____________________ Bioluminescence

Platyhelminthes _________________________ Three germ layers Bilateral symmetry Acoelomate Cephalization Diffusion Classes Turbellaria Free living ___________________ _ Trematoda flukes Cestoda tapeworms

Nematoda ___________________________ Bilateral symmetry Free living and parasitic Pseudocoelomate ______________  ______________ Separate sexes Cuticle Examples: Ascaris, Hookworm, Trichinella and Pinworms

Rotifera Free living aquatic Transparent Pseudocoelomate Cilia round the mouth Mouth  Anus

Mollusca Coelomates Trochophore larva Visceral Mass Mantle cavity Head-foot __________________ Siphons Chromatophores Examples - Clam, snail, slug, octopus

Annelida __________________________ Little rings Setae Coelomate Three Classes Oligochaeta earthworm Polychaeta Bristle worms Hirudinea leeches

Earthworm Anatomy

Arthropoda Bilateral Coelomates Jointed appendages Exoskeleton – chitin Compound eye _____________________ Subphyla – Trilobita – Crustacea – Chelicerata – Uriramia

Echinodermata Marine Pentaradial symmetry No cephalization ______________________ Tube feet Deuterostome Cardiac and pyloric stomach Examples - Sea star, sand dollar, basket star

Invertebrate Chordates Animals _________________________ Deuterostome Chordates must have the following Notochord Stiff, but flexible rod of cells that runs the length of the body near the dorsal ridge Dorsal nerve cord Pharyngeal pouches Post anal tail Examples – lancelet and tunicate