The Hawaiian Monarchy “The Last Hawaiian Queen”, Lydia Paki Kamekeha Lili’uokalani was on the throne during the United States’ Treaty for annexation.

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Presentation transcript:

The Hawaiian Monarchy “The Last Hawaiian Queen”, Lydia Paki Kamekeha Lili’uokalani was on the throne during the United States’ Treaty for annexation. She took the throne in 1891 upon the death of her brother, King David Kalakaua. The Monarchy was already constitutional at that point, having a cabinet to the king consisting primarily of Americans. The Queen attempted to restore power to the monarchy that had been lost because of the strong and abundant American-run Sugar-Cane industry.

Queen Lydia Liliuokalani

American Control Tightens As American economic interests grow, the annexation enhances competitive edge for Hawaiian sugar. In 1893, the Queen attempts to create her own constitution which her sovereignty should allow. “The Annexationists, (also called the Committee of Safety)”, led by Sanford B. Dole, in opposition try to overthrow the Queen. In 1894, The American minister in Hawaii, John L. Stevens, calls for American troops to take control of Government buildings and Iolani Palace. The queen is deposed.

Annexation In View President McKinley is elected Treaty of Annexation is sent to Congress in 1897, upon consent of McKinley Official Treaty of AnnexationOfficial Treaty of Annexation Liliuokalani petitions Senate with 29,000 signatures in order to question the annexation with a public vote. (denied) Liliuokalani sends Official Protest to Congress a day after Treaty is sent. Official ProtestOfficial Protest Joint Resolution in July of 1897 progresses the process of annexation. Official Joint ResolutionOfficial Joint Resolution

Annexation Made Official End of Spanish American War gives U.S. Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and Philippines. Hawaii a must in the Pacific. Ratified by the State Legislature of Hawaii (all white), while the US Senate did not acquire the needed two thirds majority. August 12, 1898, Hawaii is annexed, despite the shortage of votes in Congress, with McKinley’s signature.

The Republic of Hawaii McKinley signs Organic Act stating: Hawaiians may not vote for President of the US, but can elect a representative of Hawaii’s interests, but who cannot vote. Legislature of Hawaii can elect 15 senators and 30 representatives BUT, the President of the US appoints governor, secretary, and Judges of courts (Territorial Supreme, Circuit, and General District) Congress can amend or cancel any laws made by the legislature, abolish any territorial government, and put in its place its own military officials.

Since Hawaii’s Statehood Hawaii becomes an official state of the Union Japanese and Chinese immigrants are discriminated against in Hawaii.(Fewer job opportunities and educational opportunities) 1996-Failed attempt to become a sovereign nation by descendants of native Hawaiians. The fight towards Independence still lingers among natives and others who reside in Hawaii.

Bibliography Durham, Kathy. About.com guide to Honolulu, Hawaii. Complete overview of many imperialistic atrocities committed by the United States. Pennybacker, Mindy. “Should The Aloha State Say Goodbye?” The Nation; New York; August 12, Smith, Bradford. The Islands of Hawaii. J.B. Lippincott Co: Philadelphia University of Illinois at Chicago. (1999). Queen Lydia Liliuokalani. [World Wide Web]. Detailed description of the Queen's life and the annexation.