E THIOPIA : T HINGS W HICH H INDER D EVELOPMENT Mr D Boland.

P ROBLEMS !!! Climatic change, population growth, arms expenditure & war all slow up development in countries such as Ethiopia

Internet link – interactive map of Kenya Tanzania Sudan Mt Kenya Nairobi Indian Ocean Mt Elgon Ethiopia SomaliaSomalia UgandaUganda Maasai Mara Amboseli Tsavo Mombasa Rift Valley Lake Turkana Map of Kenya

Zones of Kenya

Climate graph of Nairobi Describe the rainfall and temperature pattern on this graph.

Fill in the gaps using the words below…some wrong words have been added to make the task harder!

C LIMATIC C HANGE Since 1970’s Ethiopia has suffered from long periods of drought. Effects of Drought -Crops have failed, animals have died. -Famine: People have gone hungry. -Resources have been diverted from development projects like education. -Severe drought, with clearing of forests & overuse of land, caused spread of Sahara further into Ethiopia.

Population migration

P OPULATION G ROWTH Ethiopia is not that densely populated (approx 51 people per km²). However, population growing at a rapid rate, putting a strain on resources (overpopulation). How rapid population growth hinders -More food, houses & services needed -Trees cut to clear for agriculture - soil erosion & desertification – crops fail & less food. - Food shortages = hunger & disease. - People migrate to cities (Addis Ababa) & live in poverty. Hinders urban development.

A RMS E XPENDITURE & W AR Ethiopia is war-torn due to: Serious division: 80 ethnic groups –these sought their own independence leading to civil wars. Eritrea became independent in Poor relations between Ethiopia & Somalia, U.S & Russia became involved, then abandoned when it was over leaving the countries in poverty.

H OW WAR & SPENDING ON ARMS HAS HINDERED DEVELOPMENT Young Ethiopians killed or injured in war. Damage to crops, roads, bridges & buildings – a step back on development = Ethiopia had an army of 350,000 soldiers, this plus weapons cost 1/3 of Ethiopias entire budget, leaving little for education & health. Ethiopia borrowed $3 million from Western Banks. Repaying this has hindered development.