Not Drowning But Waving - Surfing The European Barley Gene Pool Dirk Enneking Genebank Department, Institute for Plant Genetics and Cultivated Plants Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, D Gatersleben, Germany, This project is supported by the European Commission under Regulation (EC) 1467/94 on the conservation, characterization, collection and utilization of genetic resources in agriculture. Citation:Enneking, D. (2000). Not drowning but waving - surfing the European barley genepool. Proc. 8th International Barley Genetics Symposium, in Adelaide Australia, pp No. II, Contributed Papers. References: Arias, G.; Reiner, A.; Penger, A., and Mangstl, A. (1983). Directory of Barley cultivars and lines. Freising: CYMMIT & Technical University Munich. Baum, B. R.; Bailey, L. G., and Thompson, B. K. (1985). Barley register. Canada Governm. Publ. Centre. Cat. No. A /1985. Baumer, M. and Cais, R. (2000). Abstammung der Gerstensorten. Freising: Bayerische Landesanstalt für Bodenkultur und Pflanzenbau. Current developments Data contributed to EBDB from individual collections is being uniformily coded (Multi-crop descriptors, IPGRI/FAO Institude codes, barley descriptors) This information is being communicated back to data donors; interfacing native codes with standardised format, thus providing ready conversion routines for future updates and/or dynamic linking. Extension of EBDB to link with databases outside of Europe was advocated by Knuepffer and Lopez (1997) to aid the indentification of unique germplasm accessions and to reduce redundancy in collections. IGDEU146USA004ALTERID2ALTERID3ALTERID H Hor 3368/65PI PI H Hor 3368/65VIR H Hor 3369/65PI PI H Hor 3369/65VIR H Hor 3370/65PI PI H Hor 3370/65VIR H Hor 3372/65PI PI H Hor 3372/65VIR H Hor 3373/65PI PI H Hor 3373/65VIR H Hor 3374/65PI PI H Hor 3374/65VIR H Hor 3375/65PI PI H Hor 3375/65VIR H Hor 3376/65PI PI H Hor 3376/65VIR H Hor 3377/65PI PI H Hor 3377/65VIR H Hor 3378/65PI PI H Hor 3378/65VIR H Hor 3379/65PI PI H Hor 3379/65VIR H Hor 3380/65PI PI H Hor 3380/65VIR H Hor 3381/65PI PI H Hor 3381/65VIR H Hor 3392/65PI PI H Hor 3392/65VIR H Hor 3393/65PI PI H Hor 3393/65VIR H Hor 3394/65PI PI H Hor 3394/65VIR H Hor 3395/65PI PI H Hor 3395/65VIR H Hor 3396/65PI PI H Hor 3396/65VIR H Hor 3397/65PI PI H Hor 3397/65VIR H Hor 3398/65PI PI H Hor 3398/65VIR H Hor 3399/65PI PI H Hor 3399/65VIR H Hor 3400/65PI PI H Hor 3400/65VIR H Hor 3401/65PI PI H Hor 3401/65VIR H Hor 3402/65PI PI H Hor 3402/65VIR H Hor 3403/65PI PI H Hor 3403/65VIR H Hor 3404/65PI PI H Hor 3404/65VIR H Hor 3405/65PI PI H Hor 3405/65VIR H Hor 3406/65PI PI H Hor 3406/65VIR H Hor 3407/65PI PI H Hor 3407/65VIR H Hor 3409/65PI PI H Hor 3409/65VIR H Hor 3410/65PI PI H Hor 3410/65VIR H Hor 3411/65PI PI H Hor 3411/65VIR H Hor 3413/65PI PI H Hor 3413/65VIR H Hor 3414/65PI PI H Hor 3414/65VIR H Hor 3415/65PI PI H Hor 3415/65VIR H Hor 3416/65PI PI H Hor 3416/65VIR H Hor 3417/65PI PI H Hor 3417/65VIR H Hor 3428/65PI PI H Hor 3428/65VIR H Hor 3433/65PI PI H Hor 3433/65VIR H Hor 3434/65PI PI H Hor 3434/65VIR H Hor 3435/65PI PI H Hor 3435/65VIR H Hor 3436/65PI PI H Hor 3436/65VIR H Hor 3437/65PI PI H Hor 3437/65VIR H Hor 3438/65PI PI H Hor 3438/65VIR H Hor 3439/65PI PI H Hor 3439/65VIR H Hor 3440/65PI PI H Hor 3440/65VIR H Hor 3442/65PI PI H Hor 3442/65VIR H Hor 3444/65PI PI H Hor 3444/65VIR H Hor 3445/65PI PI H Hor 3445/65VIR H Hor 3446/65PI PI H Hor 3446/65VIR H Hor 3447/65PI PI H Hor 3447/65VIR H Hor 3448/65PI PI H Hor 3448/65VIR H Hor 3449/65PI PI H Hor 3449/65VIR H Hor 3450/65PI PI H Hor 3450/65VIR H Hor 3452/65PI PI H Hor 3452/65VIR H Hor 3453/65PI PI H Hor 3453/65VIR H Hor 3454/65PI PI H Hor 3454/65VIR H Hor 3455/65PI PI H Hor 3455/65VIR H Hor 3456/65PI PI H Hor 3456/65VIR H Hor 3457/65PI PI H Hor 3457/65VIR H Hor 3460/65PI PI H Hor 3460/65VIR H Hor 3461/65PI PI H Hor 3461/65VIR H Hor 3462/65PI PI H Hor 3462/65VIR H Hor 3463/65PI PI H Hor 3463/65VIR H Hor 3464/65PI PI H Hor 3464/65VIR H Hor 4390PI PI K-19690H Hor A Hor 6731CI 15257CI 15257VIR 18838A Hor A Hor 156/58PI PI A Hor 156/58TOKUJI 18558A Hor 158/58PI PI A Hor 158/58WASE HADAKA 18686A Hor 348/58PI PI A Hor 348/58TOKUJI 19049A Hor 1174/61PI PI TIROLER LANDGERSTE 19114A Hor 1271/61PI PI A Hor 1271/61PAK A Hor 1458/58PI PI A Hor 1458/58PAK H Hor 2445/59PI PI H Hor 2445/59VIR H Hor 2448/59PI PI H Hor 2448/59VIR A Hor 1454/58PI PI A Hor 1454/58PAK A Hor 1852/61PI PI A Hor 1852/61PAK H Hor 3215/58PI PI H Hor 3215/58VIR A Hor 7997PI PI A Hor A Hor 8070PI PI A Hor H Hor 3311PI PI VIR 16889H Hor H Hor 4352PI PI VIR 17222H Hor A Hor 3913PI PI VIR 18333A Hor H Hor 3308PI PI VIR 19189H Hor A Hor 4491PI PI VIR 19928A Hor H Hor 4356PI PI VIR 15619H Hor H Hor 3238PI PI VIR 16639H Hor H Hor 4378PI PI VIR 16928H Hor H Hor 18211PI PI VIR 18211H Hor A Hor 3915PI PI VIR 18331A Hor H Hor 4441PI PI VIR 19790H Hor A Hor 3922PI PI VIR 734A Hor A Hor 7465PI PI VIR 18329A Hor A Hor 3917PI PI VIR 18467A Hor A Hor 3310PI PI VIR 19355A Hor A Hor 4492PI PI VIR 19827A Hor A Hor 4423PI PI VIR 19934A Hor H Hor 3227PI PI VIR 13248H Hor H Hor 3492PI PI VIR 16924H Hor H Hor 3072PI PI VIR 17845H Hor H Hor 3230PI PI VIR 19191H Hor H Hor 3318PI PI VIR 19330H Hor H Hor 4442PI PI VIR 19933H Hor A Hor 7868PI PI A Hor 7868Ethiopia A Hor 7869PI PI A Hor 7869Ethiopia A Hor 7870PI PI A Hor 7870Ethiopia A Hor 7871PI PI A Hor 7871Ethiopia A Hor 7872PI PI A Hor 7872Ethiopia A Hor 7873PI PI A Hor 7873Ethiopia A Hor 7874PI PI A Hor 7874Ethiopia Links to USA029 and SYR002 have already been generated from donor and synonymous Ids in EBDB. These lists of corresponding synonyms can be considered the boot- or octopus straps (sticky tails if you are a molecular biologist) with which a global information system can be knitted together. The proposed strategy is to link EBDB to off-shore databases and/or include documentation in the database. The map below shows the distribution of barley accessions documented with geographic co-ordinates in the EBDB at ICARDA The global ex situ barley gene pool, is estimated at accessions). 34 collections hold more than 2000 accessions. The following pie chart represents, 75% of this sum ( ca accessions) Introduction 28 partners from 12 European countries (AUT(1), BEL(1), DEU(9), DNK(4), ESP(1), FIN(1), FRA(2), GBR(2), GRC(1), ITA(2), NLD(1), SWE(3)) are joining their efforts and expertise to improve the utilisation of barley genetic resources in Europe Main features of the project are: Multiplication and characterisation Documentation Standardised multiple site evaluations for resistance against biotic and abiotic stress factors, with major emphasis on the barley core collection (BCC) Improved utilisation of genetic resources Sorting and rationalising the collections Diffusion of the results coupled to the development of an information system for barley genetic resources in Europe (extension of EBDB functionality) IPK is responsible for project co-ordination and documentation. The functionality of the European barley database (EBDB) is being extended through inclusion of evaluation data and links to off-shore information EBDB was developed by Knüpffer et al.. ( ). It can be accessed via In 1983 the original stated aims for EBDB were: The complete documentation of European barley collections with respect to passport and characterisation data using standard IBPGR descriptor list The registration of these data in computer data bases Free and effective inter-genebank exchange and their clients Detection of replicated accessions Rationalisation of collections by agreement between participating genebanks with consequent elimination of potential waste of resources in storage, multiplication, characterisation and evaluation of redundant accessions Detection of gaps in the representation of barley germplasm under threat of erosion Rational planning of further collecting. Since 1997 this compilation documents ca accessions conserved in 29 European gene banks. This represents almost a quarter of the global ex situ barley gene pool This idea is further illustrated by the following brief comments on documentation of individual collections. RUS001 (VIR) collection: Integrated into EBDB, further detailed information about collection sites, donors and donor ID numbers are desirable. Published literature on evaluation of VIR barley accessions is considered the most cost-effective way to obtain evaluation data, since the raw data is currently only available from field books. DEU001 & DEU146 (BGRC, BAZ; IPK, HOR) collections: Both data sets are an integral part of EBDB. German evaluation data covering characterisation and evaluation during the period 1948 to the present are available. Numerous gene banks have received HOR accessions. HOR linkage provides added value and has been generated. USA029 (USDA): Major off-shore donor. Accessions from USDA are present in virtually every genebank. A list of 5458 unique USDA accession Ids has been generated for a total of 6387 lines documented in EBDB. This allows access to GRIN data (passports, characterisation, evaluation) which is readily available either through a WWW interface or in the pcGRIN barley packages. SYR002 (ICARDA) collection: ICARDA (1995 data) has documented 2993 HOR USDA accessions. The corresponding IG numbers provide an informative link to the information generated through evaluation in the ICARDA network. The International Crop Information System (ICIS, CYMMIT, CGIAR centers; uses the concept of global identifier (GID ) to tag unique accessions. Version 1.0 features the incipient International Barley Information System (IBIS) (S. Grando, ICARDA). The use of GIDs to generate up to 30 pedigree generations may be of particular interest to breeders. The data coverage comprises unique accessions (assigned GIDs). Interfacing these GIDs with accession Ids of individual collections, and assigment of GIDs to other unique accessions is needed. ICIS: GID it? To aid further compilations at the global level, the development of online registers for cultivar/pedigree/breeder/principal attribute data and standardisation of collection site information would be desirable. Compilations of information about barley breeding such as those published by Arias et al. (1983), Baum et al. (1985), Baumer and Cais (2000) provide detailed information, which is presently being integrated with EBDB. Tracking of the most original Id numbers (through feed back loops amongst databases/curators), standardisation of accession names (in reference to a cultivar register), assignment of GIDs and integration into IBIS, will pave the way towards a truly global inventory for barley genetic resources. In principle, the concepts outlined above are also applicable to the linking of overlap between complete collections, and to the compilation of a global system for the documentation of plant genetic resources. INSTCODEORGANIZATIONCITY_STATE AUS003Australian Winter Cereals Collec. Agricultural Research CentreTamworth NSW BRA003National Res. Center of Genetic Resources and BiotechnologyBrasilia DF BRA006Instituto Agronomico de Campinas Campinas, Sao Paulo CAN002Brandon Research Station Agriculture & Agri-Food CanadaBrandon, Manitoba CAN004Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res. Cen. Saskatoon Research CentreSaskatoon, Saskatchewan CAN005Departement de phytologie Universite LavalQuebec, Quebec CAN041Lethbridge Research Station Agriculture CanadaLethbridge, Alberta CHN001Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, CAASBeijing CYP004Agricultural Research Institute Plant Genetic Res. and HerbariumNicosia CZE047Agricultural Research Institute Kromeriz DEU001Federal Centre for Breeding Research on Cultivated Plants(BAZ)Braunschweig DEU146Genebank, Inst. for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)Gatersleben EGY002Field Crops Research Institute Agricultural Research Centre (ARC)Giza ETH001Plant Genetic Resources Centre Addis Ababa FRA040Station d'Amelioration des Plantes INRAClermont-Ferrand Cedex GBR011John Innes Centre Norwich Research ParkNorwich, Norfolk HUN003Institute for Agrobotany Tapioszele IND004Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi ISR003Lieberman Germplasm Bank, Tel-Aviv Univ.Tel-Aviv ISR004Institute of Evolution Haifa UniversityHaifa JPN003Nat. Inst. of Agrobio. ResourcesTsukuba-gun, Ibaraki-ken JPN108Okayama University Kurashiki LBY001Agricultural Research Centre Tripoli NLD037Center for Genetic Resoources The Netherlands (CGN)Wageningen PER002Universidad Nacional Agraria-La Molina.La Molina, Lima POL003Plant Breeding and Acclimatization InstituteBlonie, Radzikow POL020Plant Breeding Station Plant Breeding and Acclimat. Inst.Bakow near Kluczbork ROM002Genetic Resources Dep. - Research Inst. for Cereals and Ind. CropsFundulea, Judetul Calarasi RUS001N.I. Vavilov Research Institute of Plant IndustrySt. Petersburg SWE001Dept. of Plant Breeding Research Swedish Univ. of Agric. SciencesSvalov SYR002Internat. Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry AreasAleppo UKR044Institute of Agroecology and BiotechnologyKiev USA029National Small Grains Research Facility, USDA-ARSAberdeen, Idaho