March 6, 2003 dgreenManaging Bandwidth at UNH Managing Internet Bandwidth at the University of New Hampshire A Discussion Forum

March 6, 2003 dgreenManaging Bandwidth at UNH Big New Internet Problem Sudden Degradation of Internet performance Sudden Degradation of Internet performance Sudden increase in bandwidth demand: P2P (KaZaA, Audio Galaxy,...) Sudden increase in bandwidth demand: P2P (KaZaA, Audio Galaxy,...) Nature of P2P traffic is different: Nature of P2P traffic is different: Robotic (24x7) Robotic (24x7) Heavy Inbound and Outbound Heavy Inbound and Outbound Rapid proliferation in Residence Halls Rapid proliferation in Residence Halls Campus network capacity far exceeds local Internet capacity Campus network capacity far exceeds local Internet capacity No institutional impetus to make content value judgments (i.e. Block services) No institutional impetus to make content value judgments (i.e. Block services) Costly Internet Bandwidth Costly Internet Bandwidth USNH Rural Campuses USNH Rural Campuses $1/2 million Annual Internet $1/2 million Annual Internet Keene State College Keene State College Plymouth State College Plymouth State College UNH Manchester UNH Manchester UNH Durham UNH Durham Small sites (75 - DS1 and slower) Small sites (75 - DS1 and slower) Recurring Recurring

March 6, 2003 dgreenManaging Bandwidth at UNH P2P Demand example Sept 6, :45am approx: P2 Shaper off 11:30am approx: UD2 Firewall installed rule to block: KaZaa (TCP 1214) eDonkey (UDP 41170) Gnutella (TCP 6346) Note: Bandwidth was available from latest Global Crossing Upgrade. We had not yet opened the pipes to PSC and KSC. Internet2 also carried come of this spike.

March 6, 2003 dgreenManaging Bandwidth at UNH Solution – Part 1 Bigger Pipes Add bandwidth as budget allows Add bandwidth as budget allows Add budget as management allows Add budget as management allows Takes time and cannot satisfy enormous demand Takes time and cannot satisfy enormous demand

March 6, 2003 dgreenManaging Bandwidth at UNH Solution – Part 2 Invest in Bandwidth Management Equipment Invest in Bandwidth Management Equipment Efficient use of costly Bandwidth Efficient use of costly Bandwidth One-time Investment permanently lowers recurring costs One-time Investment permanently lowers recurring costs Creates flexible infrastructure to better control network Creates flexible infrastructure to better control network USNH chose Packeteer 6500s and 4500s USNH chose Packeteer 6500s and 4500s

March 6, 2003 dgreenManaging Bandwidth at UNH Recurring Savings with BW management

March 6, 2003 dgreenManaging Bandwidth at UNHTopology

March 6, 2003 dgreenManaging Bandwidth at UNH Developing the BW Policy Technical Technical Political Political

March 6, 2003 dgreenManaging Bandwidth at UNH Developing the BW Policy Technical Technical Learn Learn Use BW manager discovery tools Use BW manager discovery tools See what apps are flowing to/from the Internet See what apps are flowing to/from the Internet Assess Assess Study discovery results Study discovery results Categorize important apps (both useful and harmful) Categorize important apps (both useful and harmful) Design Design Take a first stab Take a first stab Make Decisions for bandwidth allocation and groupings of apps Make Decisions for bandwidth allocation and groupings of apps Implement Implement Configure BW management policy on the equipment Configure BW management policy on the equipment Turn on Shaping Turn on Shaping Evaluate Evaluate BW manager monitoring tools BW manager monitoring tools What partitions are saturated? Underutilized? What partitions are saturated? Underutilized? Other diagnostics – Sniffers, Throughput Other diagnostics – Sniffers, Throughput Lather, Rinse, Repeat (Go to: Design) Lather, Rinse, Repeat (Go to: Design)

March 6, 2003 dgreenManaging Bandwidth at UNH Developing the BW Policy Political Political Review Review Authoritative bodies Authoritative bodies Student Body President Student Body President Academic Technology department Academic Technology department Res Net consulting group Res Net consulting group Self appointed ‘experts’ and ‘active users’ Self appointed ‘experts’ and ‘active users’ IT hierarchy IT hierarchy Describe problems and proposed solutions Describe problems and proposed solutions Information encourages reason (usually) Information encourages reason (usually) P2P is a problem. Here are the details. P2P is a problem. Here are the details. Gaming is not a problem per se’ Gaming is not a problem per se’ Academic Web Research, , IM are useful (agreed?) Academic Web Research, , IM are useful (agreed?) Pictures are handy Pictures are handy Make recommendation Make recommendation Agree to re-evaluate Agree to re-evaluate Establish lifelines (phone and contacts) Establish lifelines (phone and contacts) Ongoing BW management process will be act and inform Ongoing BW management process will be act and inform Agility in the face of new BW hogs Agility in the face of new BW hogs Network availability is the mantra Network availability is the mantra Feedback Feedback Res Hall is where we live (students). Recreation is appropriate within reason (well…) Res Hall is where we live (students). Recreation is appropriate within reason (well…) We (students) understand the problem and want to help We (students) understand the problem and want to help Continue to educate Continue to educate IT support staff, Help desk, Res Net Consulting, Academic Technology… IT support staff, Help desk, Res Net Consulting, Academic Technology…

March 6, 2003 dgreenManaging Bandwidth at UNH Telling the Story

March 6, 2003 dgreenManaging Bandwidth at UNH Telling the Story

March 6, 2003 dgreenManaging Bandwidth at UNH Residence Hall bandwidth allocation policy - August 2002 The Policy – First Pass

March 6, 2003 dgreenManaging Bandwidth at UNH Residence Hall bandwidth allocation policy - August 2002 Notes: Notes: See next page for Service details by category:. See next page for Service details by category:. The objective of this design is to establish a starting point. As we discover that defined services are too slow or are underutilized we can review and adjust the ratios noted in the graph. As new services requiring specific bandwidth are discovered we can either add them to an appropriate category, to the miscelaneous category, or create a new category as appropriate. The objective of this design is to establish a starting point. As we discover that defined services are too slow or are underutilized we can review and adjust the ratios noted in the graph. As new services requiring specific bandwidth are discovered we can either add them to an appropriate category, to the miscelaneous category, or create a new category as appropriate. Any service not explicitly defined falls into the All Other category and shares the noted bandwidth with all other undefined services. Any service not explicitly defined falls into the All Other category and shares the noted bandwidth with all other undefined services. The working aggregate of 30Mbps exceeds UNH’s total Commodity Internet (CI) capacity of 25M. Internet 2 (I2) capacity is 25M. Empirical evidence to date indicates that student traffic consumes approximately 40% (or 10M) of I2. Therefore, this bandwidth shaping design allocates 80% of the UNH CI feed to the Residence Halls. See note 2 The working aggregate of 30Mbps exceeds UNH’s total Commodity Internet (CI) capacity of 25M. Internet 2 (I2) capacity is 25M. Empirical evidence to date indicates that student traffic consumes approximately 40% (or 10M) of I2. Therefore, this bandwidth shaping design allocates 80% of the UNH CI feed to the Residence Halls. See note 2 Historical traffic data indicate that peak usage by Residence Halls is outside normal business hours and therefore this design does not appear to significantly reduce available CI bandwidth for faculty and staff during the day. This assumption may need to be revisited as we develop better empirical information Historical traffic data indicate that peak usage by Residence Halls is outside normal business hours and therefore this design does not appear to significantly reduce available CI bandwidth for faculty and staff during the day. This assumption may need to be revisited as we develop better empirical information As we add bandwidth in the near future, we will adjust the policy to hold the same ratios among categories. As we add bandwidth in the near future, we will adjust the policy to hold the same ratios among categories. This design is the same 24 hours a day. We can consider time-based allocation for future implementations. This design is the same 24 hours a day. We can consider time-based allocation for future implementations. The Policy – First Pass

March 6, 2003 dgreenManaging Bandwidth at UNH Residence Hall bandwidth allocation policy - August 2002 The Policy – First Pass

March 6, 2003 dgreenManaging Bandwidth at UNH Satisfied Customers (for now)

March 6, 2003 dgreenManaging Bandwidth at UNH Developing the BW Policy The Sequal: Our Hero falls off the horse Policy Complexity overloaded Packeteer Policy Complexity overloaded Packeteer Load increased throughout the semester Load increased throughout the semester William of Ockham and his Razor were right William of Ockham and his Razor were right A simpler policy improved throughput A simpler policy improved throughput Still allowed the Packeteer to manage the right BW Still allowed the Packeteer to manage the right BW KaZaA and other P2P apps got smarter KaZaA and other P2P apps got smarter Latest Packeteer code: Latest Packeteer code: 5.3.0g g1 Manages port 80 and port hopping P2P Manages port 80 and port hopping P2P

March 6, 2003 dgreenManaging Bandwidth at UNH Controlling Res Hall Servers

March 6, 2003 dgreenManaging Bandwidth at UNH Act and Inform

March 6, 2003 dgreenManaging Bandwidth at UNH Res Halls Latest Policy: simple

March 6, 2003 dgreenManaging Bandwidth at UNH Res Halls Recent Stats

March 6, 2003 dgreenManaging Bandwidth at UNH Res Halls Recent Stats

March 6, 2003 dgreenManaging Bandwidth at UNH Fac/Staff Latest Policy More complex, specific than Res Hall More complex, specific than Res Hall Fac/Staff has lighter load Fac/Staff has lighter load

March 6, 2003 dgreenManaging Bandwidth at UNH Fac/Staff Recent Stats

March 6, 2003 dgreenManaging Bandwidth at UNH Fac/Staff Recent Stats

March 6, 2003 dgreenManaging Bandwidth at UNH Managing Internet Bandwidth at the University of New Hampshire A Discussion Forum